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RLW > Mod 3 - 19th Century > Flashcards

Mod 3 - 19th Century Flashcards

1
Q

Nineteenth century other terminologies; AKA

A 
“an era of challenges and
responses”
“period of major changes
which affected men and
society”
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2
Q

Six important changes in the country:

A

-The struggle for
nationalism
-The gradual speed for democracy
-the modernization of living through industrial revo
-The advance of Science
-The march of imperialism
-The new current in the movement of thought and growing confidence on progress

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3
Q

is a feeling of oneness by a group of people who believe that they possess common traditions culture, and common ideas ad goals

A

Nationalism

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4
Q

Effects of nationalism:

A
  • proud of group
  • willing to serve group
  • patriotic
  • pride for country
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5
Q

Two great upheavals that occurred in the last quarter of the

eighteenth century:

A 
American Revolution (1775-1783) 
French Revolution (1779-1789)
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6
Q

A country should be free from domination by
another and the people should enjoy liberty, equality,
and opportunity.

A

Liberals

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7
Q

: They believed in the “good old days”

when monarchs and kings ruled over their subjects

A

Conservatives

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8
Q

When did the The Greeks with foreign aid won their independence from the
Turks?

A

1830

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9
Q

when did the The Norwegians won their freedom from the Swedes?

A

1905

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10
Q

In 1861, italy became a free country because of:

A

Camillo Cavour,
Joseph Mazzini,
Joseph Garibaldi,

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11
Q

Exceptions from the freedom of france

A

Rome which remained under the Pope and Venetia

Trent and Trieste under Austria.

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12
Q

Leader of germay who adopted policy of “blood and iron” and when did germany unite?

A

Otto von Bismarck, 1871

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13
Q

when did canada became a self governing nation?

A

1867

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14
Q

who won ther independence between 11800 and 1825

A

Spain’s colonies in Latin America

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15
Q

who freed Northern South America

territory

A

. Simoun de

Bolivar, “the liberator”,

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16
Q

Nothern South America Teritorries

A

Venezuela,
Colombia,
Bolivia,
and part of Peru.

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17
Q 
a patriotic upperclass
Spaniard freed Southern South America.
A

Jose San Martin

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18
Q

Nationalism developed in Japan
during a long period of seclusion
under?

A

Shogunate

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18
Q

Nationalism in India arose because of?

A

British exploitation of the country

racial discrimination

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19
Q

GOMBURZA and year

A

Fathers
Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez y de los
Angeles and Jacinto Zamora
Feb 17, 1872

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20
Q

A system of government in which power is vested
in the people and exercised by them directly, has
constraints on the power of the executives, and
provides a guarantee of civil liberties

A

Democracy

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21
Q

Democracy In France

A

-through revolution
-Third
French Republic in 1875
-right to vote

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22
Q

Democracy In England

A

-passed through reforms passed by parliaments
-right to vote extended
-Cabinet system (House of Commons and
not to the King or House of Lords)
-Reform acts 1832,1867,1884
-slavery abolished
-funds for educ
-child labor was prohibited

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23
Q

Democracy in belgium

A

liberal constitution

was adopted in 1831

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24
Q

Democracy In Switzerland

A

-manhood suffrage
was approved (1848)
–“referendum”

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25
Q

which allows a bill in switzerland to be
passed by the legislature to be presented to
the people for approval and the “initiative”
which gives the voters the right to propose
laws for approval of the
legislature were also adopted

A

referendum

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26
Q

Democracy In Australia

A
  • introduced ballot system

- manhood suffrage in 1885.

27
Q

Democracy in new zealand

A

manhood suffrage was also

adopted.

28
Q

Democracy in US

A

people responsible are : Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Jackson

-American Civil War ended slavery

29
Q

Democracy In the Philippines

A

“We… fight so that there may be
more justice and more liberty and for the
sacred rights of man.” jose rizal wrote

30
Q 
Began in England in the 17th century
or earlier, until the 19th century; Spread to the United States and
much later to other countries of
Europe, Asia, Latin America,
Canada, Australia and parts of
Africa.
A

Industrial Revolution

31
Q

Changes in industry:

A

-hand work to machine work:

32
Q

the basic

materials of industry

A

Coal, iron, and steel

33
Q

spinning jenny, spinning frame, spinning
shuttle, cotton grin, and sewing
machine

A

Revolution in Manufacturing

34
Q

steam boats, steam locomotives,

airplanes, automobiles, and balloons

A

Revolution in Transportation

35
Q

telephone, telegraph, wireless telegraphy, cable, postal service and newspapers

A

Revolution in Communicaation

36
Q

Effects of Industrial Revolution:

A
  • Encouraged Migration
  • Increase in population cam about
  • Nationalism was stimulated
  • Growth of liberalism was fostered
  • Industrial Capitalism developed
37
Q

Effects of the creation of machines (industrialization):

A

Establishment of factories
⬗ Thousands of workers were employed in the beginning
⬗ Manufacturers went into large scales of production of goods
⬗ Commodities became cheaper
⬗ Towns and cities grew
⬗ Wealth of nation increased by leaps and bounds
⬗ Factory system improved the standards of living
⬗ Two social classes arose: capitalists and laborers

38
Q

a new economic philosophy
- “let well enough alone” or “hands off”
-A policy that prevented the government from
interfering in private trade or industry except
with its rule of protecting the nation against any
kind of threat.

A

-Laissez-faire

39
Q

new producers who finance mills and factories

A

Capitalist

40
Q

Suggested proposals to remedy
the evils of the Industrial
Revolution.

A

Liberals, Socialists, Communists

41
Q 
Adopted laissez-faire policy.; Allows everybody to expand as much as
they wished in their industrial
enterprises, which resulted into
unemployment and misery with
industrialists being powerful and rich,
and working men being poorer.
A

Liberals

42
Q

Believed that the government should own and
manage the means of production; “As long as the capitalists controlled the
economic life of the people, there could be no
democracy.”
; t reforms could be achieved
gradually and peacefully through normal
political methods

A

Socialists

42
Q

Believed that the government should own and
manage the means of production; “As long as the capitalists controlled the
economic life of the people, there could be no
democracy.”
; t reforms could be achieved
gradually and peacefully through normal
political methods

A

Socialists

42
Q

Believed that the government should own and
manage the means of production; “As long as the capitalists controlled the
economic life of the people, there could be no
democracy.”
; t reforms could be achieved
gradually and peacefully through normal
political methods

A

Socialists

43
Q

proposed a new and positive reorganization of society,
controlled by the chiefs of industry, with scientists in the role
of priests, which aimed to produce things useful to life, and
peace would be assured by universal association.

A

Claude Henri

44
Q

advocated a reconstruction of society based on
communal associations of producers known as phalanges.
-Fourierism

A

Francois Fourier

45
Q

one of the most influential early 19th
-century
advocates of Utopian Socialism

A

Robert Owen

46
Q

co-author of Communist Manifesto
⬗ -advocated revolutionary communism.
⬗ -believed that only a violent revolution could
improve the lot of workingmen

A

Karl Marx

47
Q

Contained Christian principles advocated by the Catholic Church and announced by Pope
Leo XIII, reacting to the evils of industrialism.

A

Rerum Novarum (The Conditions of Labor)

48
Q

Contents of rerum novarum

A

Rights must be religiously respected.
⬗ It is the duty of public authority to prevent and punish injury.
⬗ The poor and the helpless have a claim to a special consideration
whenever there is a question of protecting the rights of individuals.
⬗ Since private property is as universal as human nature, the State has
the right to regulate the use of private property and to protect it.
⬗ The preservation of life is the bounden duty of each and all members
of society. The worker is entitled to a just and decent living wage
which will enable him to live in reasonable comfort as a human being,
to develop his faculties, and to attain his ultimate goal in life.
⬗ The State has the duty to provide favourable working conditions.
⬗ The workers have the right to form unions.

49
Q

– formulated the atomic theory which
explains that all matter is made up of invisible particles
or atoms.

A

John Dalton

50
Q

Dalton’s Atomic Theory components

A

16mass units + 2 mass units= 18 mass units

51
Q

discovered radium, an important

element

A

Marie Curie

52
Q

discovered that germs cause diseases in
man and animals (germ theory)
- became the outstanding helper of mankind

A

Louis Pasteur

53
Q

– discovered the germ that caused
anthrax
-Inhalation anthrax
-became the greatest bacteriologist of his day

A

Robert Koch

54
Q

– introduced antiseptics which
prevents infection
- began the modern practice of hospital sanitation

A

Dr. Joseph Lister

55
Q

– demonstrated the anesthetic

properties of ether in a surgical operation in 1842

A

Dr. Crawford Long

56
Q

– first to use the ether to ease pain

of tooth extraction in 1846

A

Dr. William Morton

57
Q

used chloroform for the first time

in 1847

A

Dr. James Simpson

58
Q

is the activity of the nation in extending its control
and authority beyond its territorial boundaries through
the acquisition of the new territories; the desire of
civilized nations to rule over weak or ”backward”
peoples.

A

Imperialism

59
Q

Great modern powers acquired colonies, concessions or spheres of influence
for several reasons:

A

Economic standpoint
Political
Religous

60
Q

Two most common techniques of economic

imperialism:

A

Economic penetrations by asking permission to do business
for foreign capitalists
⬗ Political control in order to protect economic interests

61
Q

Imperialism also abolished practices such as

A

cannibalism, slave traffic, and slavery.

62
Q

Developments in the late 19th Century

A

Man made considerable advancement in various fields
⬗ Democracy made significant reforms in government and
social relations
⬗ Human rights was extended to many people
⬗ Large investments for public education
⬗ Higher education for women
⬗ Improved public health
⬗ Literature and art
⬗ Architecture and music

63
Q

-belief that every human life is sacred; the government exists for
the welfare of all citizens

A

Individualism

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