Mod 3: Immunization and Tuberculin Testing

Question 1

immunization

Answer 1

process by which resistance to an infection is induced (vaccination) or augmented (booster shots)
allows us to develop immunity without having a disease

Question 2

immunity

Answer 2

resistance to a specific disease

Question 3

antigen

Answer 3

substance that induces the immune response

Question 4

antibody

Answer 4

products of immune response

Question 5

t cells

Answer 5

from thymus; kill

destruction of cancer, foregin cells, fungi etc.

Question 6

b cells

Answer 6

create andibodies

destruction of bacteria and viruses

Question 7

immunoglobulin

Answer 7

an antibody, immune globulin

Question 8

IgM

Answer 8

first antibody produced in immune response and indicates current or recent infection or exposure to antigen

Question 9

IgG

Answer 9

second antibody produced in the immune response

indicates past infection (when IgM absent)

Question 10

antibody production

Answer 10

antigenic stimulation of B cells (lymphocytes) yield
clone of antibody-producing cells (plasma cells)
clone of memory cells (ready to jump into action if the same antigen comes along)

Question 11

immune response

Answer 11

no detectable antibodies for a week or longer
small bust of IgM antibodies
small burst of IgG antibodies follow

Question 12

factors affecting response to immunization

Answer 12

differences in immune response by host (inheritance, diseases affecting immune system, general health)
Site of injection (type of tissue, fat may absorb antigen so it does not reach B cells)
Immunization product

Question 13

vaccine

Answer 13

suspension of bacteria or virus, altered so not able to cause disease but still antigenic… causes production of antibodies

Question 14

toxoid

Answer 14

bacterial exotoxin treated so no longer toxigenic (harmful) but still antigenic causes production of antibodies

Question 15

artificially aquired

Answer 15

product given for the purpose of providing immunity

Question 16

naturally acquired

Answer 16

an act of nature such as having a disease or antibodies transferred from mom to baby

Question 17

passive immunity

Answer 17

host given preformed antibodies
protection available immdeiatley
used for disease treatment and occasionally short term prevention

Question 18

active immunity

Answer 18

host makes own antibodies when given or exposed to antigen
antibodies not available for days or weeks (takes longer if this is first exposure)
used for disease prevention…. long term

Question 19

innate immunity

Answer 19

how we are made (humans are susceptible to some diseases and resistant to others that animals get

Question 20

routine immunization schedule

Answer 20

nothing until 2 months old

Question 21

booster shots

Answer 21

diphtheria and tetanus every ten years

Question 22

flu vaccine

Answer 22

every year