Mod 1: characteristics of Microorganisms

Question 1

Microoganisms…

Answer 1

small, usually unicellular, also called germs, microbes and bugs

Question 2

Groups of microorganisms

Answer 2

protozoa, fungi, bacteria, viruses

Question 3

Protoza

Answer 3

unicellular, move with flagella

Question 4

Fungi

Answer 4

primitive plants, yeasts and molds

Question 5

Bacteria

Answer 5

unicellular, no organized nucleus cell wall

Question 6

Viruses

Answer 6

a bit of DNA or RNA surrounded by protein coat and sometimes lipid coat, grow only in other living cells

Question 7

Sizes of Microbes

Answer 7

measured in micrometres (um) most bacteria is about 1 um

Question 8

Shaes of bacteria

Answer 8

Cocci (round), rods/ bacilli (rectangular) , spirilla (spiral, curved)

Question 9

Gram Reaction

Answer 9

Dark blue = gram positive

Red = gram negative

Question 10

Why gram reactions are important

Answer 10

identify bacteraia (shape and reaction)
effectiveness of antibodies
effectiveness of disinfectants

Question 11

Bacterial growth

Answer 11

reproduce by binary fission

generation time = 15-30 mins for rapidly growing bacteria under ideal conditions

Question 12

Bacteria grow on a

Answer 12

media dish

Question 13

Colony means

Answer 13

visible mass of bacteria that forms on surface of solid culture media (18-24 hrs to form 1 original cell) each colony is a clone

Question 14

Bacterial Growth Curve

Answer 14

4 phases: LAG, LOG, Stationary, Death

Question 15

LAG means

Answer 15

adapting to new enviornment

Question 16

LOG means

Answer 16

max reproduction

Question 17

Stationary means

Answer 17

no change in #

Question 18

Growth Curve with infection

Answer 18

no symptoms (incubation phase), full blown symptoms (acute phase), no better; no worse, on the mend, convalescence

Question 19

Viral Characteristics

Answer 19

metabolically inert- can multiply only in living host cells
contain DNA or RNA not both
have protein coat

Question 20

Multiplication of viruses

Answer 20

1) attachment to host cell membrane
2) penetration
3) viral nuclei acid -> nucleus: takes command of host cell and directs synthesis of new viral components
4) synthesis of viral components
- nucleic acid (in nucleus)
- protein coat (cytoplasm)
5) assembly of viral components
6) release from host cell

Question 21

Effects of viruses on host cell

Answer 21

Host cell dies, host cell may be transformed into tumor cell

Question 22

Controls over viruses

Answer 22

antibiotics NO effect
antiviral drugs
more and more ntivirals being developed. problem is that viruses are inside host cells- have to develop drugs which will destroy viruses without destroying host cell