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Infection Prevention > Mod 2: Interaction between Microbe and Host > Flashcards

Mod 2: Interaction between Microbe and Host Flashcards

1
Q

Normal Flora

A

NF= microbes living in/on body; cause no harm as long as they stay in expected site outer surfaces or areas exposed outside
NF same from person to person for a given site

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2
Q

Normally Sterial Areas

A

inside the body: blood, CSF, tissue, fluids surround organs

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3
Q

contamination means

A

unexpected mircobes at body site; do not grow no harm eg. mouth bacteria on hands

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4
Q

colonization means

A

unexpected microbes a body site; do grow no harm initially…. may later eg. fecal bacteria colonized in upper resp tract: if go away ->end of story
if don’t go away -> may cause disease

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5
Q

infection/disease means

A
  • infection: host has pathogen; no symptoms

- disease: host has pathogen; has symptoms

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6
Q

pathogen means

A

disease causing microbe

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7
Q

etiology means

A

cause of the disease (HIV etiological agent of AIDS)

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8
Q

virulence means

A

degree of pathogenicity of microbe; determined by virulence factors

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9
Q

nonpathogen means

A

microbe that cannot cause disease (very few)

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10
Q

lowgrade/opportunistic pathogen means

A

microbe that does not usually cause disease; only if defenses of host decrease

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11
Q

toxins means

A

produced by some bacteria

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12
Q

exotoxins means

A

G+ bacteria; released from intact bacteria; carried away from infection side; specific- attack target tissue

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13
Q

endotoxins means

A

G- bacteria; part of cell wall; released when cell wall disrupted; carried away from infection side; nonspecific- effect more generalized can lead to destruction of organs and fatal shock

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14
Q

reservoirs means

A

source

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15
Q

humans reservoirs

A

with infections or carries; main reservoir for human infections

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16
Q

more reservoirs

A

animals, nonliving (soil, h2o)

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17
Q

carrier means

A

person who harbors pathogenic microbes but shows no signs of infection can pass microbes on to others

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18
Q

covalescent carrier

A

person had disease; symptoms now gone; microbes still in body

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19
Q

chronic carrier

A

6 months after symptoms gone; microbes still in body

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20
Q

contact transmission

A

direct: reservoir -> host (person to person)

eg. touching

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21
Q

indirect transmission

A

reservoir -> inanimate object (fomoite) to host

eg. touching surfaces that are contaminated

22
Q

droplet transmission

A

large globs of mucous that contains microorganisms

eg. colds, flus spit

23
Q

vehicle transmission

A

reservoir (air, food/h2o, blood) hosts (usually more than one)
eg. salmonella food poisoning

24
Q

droplet nuclei transmission

A

very small; travel long way- think of them as tiny particles that you see floating on the air currents

25
Q

injected solutions transmission

A

eg. hep c and AIDS from contaminated blood products used for transfusion in the past

26
Q

vector transmission

A

reservoir -> insect -> host

eg. malaria, west nile ect.

27
Q

factors of susceptibility to infections

A

age, general health, chemotherapy, radiation, surgery etc

28
Q

portals of entry of infectious microorganisms

A

skin, mucous membranes, placenta, parenteral (IV)

29
Q

fever

A

body temp increase, body defence (bacteria cannot multiply in temps greater then 38 and white blood cells are more active)
infection causes heat generations

30
Q

lymph node swelling

A

traps microbes and becomes infected or causes lymphocytes in node to multiply (swelling)

31
Q

inflammation

A

HRPS ( heat, redness, pain, swelling)

pathogen gains entry into host -> tissue death ->histamine released

32
Q

acute disease

A

symptoms develop rapidly and disease runs its course quickly

33
Q

chronic disease

A

symptoms develop slowly and disease slow to disappear

34
Q

latent disease

A

periods of inactivity before symptoms appear or between attacks

35
Q

localized infections

A

confined to one area of the bod

36
Q

focal infection

A

confined to one area but pathogens or their toxins migrate to other areas

37
Q

systemic infection

A

pathogen spreads (disseminates) to multiple organs or tissues

38
Q

septicemia

A

pathogens (bacteria or viruses) present and multiplying in blood

39
Q

bactermia

A

bacteria present in blood but not multiplying

40
Q

viremia

A

viruses present in blood but not multiplying

41
Q

toxemia

A

toxins in blood

42
Q

exogenous infections

A

microbes come from outside the host

43
Q

endogenous infections

A

microbes come from within the hosts own body

44
Q

primary infection

A

infection of a previously healthy person

45
Q

secondary infection

A

follows a primary infection; caused by a different microbe

46
Q

nosocomial infections

A

result from a stay in a hospital or institution
top 3: 1) UTIs
2) surgical wounds
3) pneumonia

47
Q

antibiotics

A

substance produed by a microorganism (often a fungus) that inhibits the growth of or kills another microorganism (bacteria)

48
Q

antibiotic testing

A

done in a lab determine which antibiotics work (susceptible= sensitive and resistant= insensitive)

49
Q

super bugs

A

resistant to many antibiotics; infection not necessarily worse just harder to treat

50
Q

why bacteria develop resistance

A

naturally resistant, develop enzymes, mutation, conjugation

Infection Prevention (4 decks)

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