Mod 3 Flashcards
What are dendrites
extensions of the cell body membrane that branch to communicate with other neurons
dendrites have proteins called __
receptors
When a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor it has the potential to ___
influence the behaviour of the cell
what does polarized mean
when a neuron has a negative charge far away from 0. Polarized is at rest and wont release neurotransmitters
what does depolarized mean
when a neuron has a positive charge. more likely to activate and send neurotransmitters to message other neurons and organs
What does it mean when a neurotransmitter is excitatory?
something that causes a neuron to move closer to activation
What does it mean when a neurotransmitter is inhibitory?
causes a neuron to move further from activation
Neural networks:
complex connections between dendrites and the axons of many neurons
Neocortex:
concious thought, decision making, outermost layer of brain
Medulla
heartbeat, respiration, basic life support functions
Efferents:
guiding electrical impulses/messages away from the brain
Afferents
guiding electrical impulses/messages towards the brain
Once nerves leave the spinal cord or brain they’re in the _______
peripheral nervous system
peripheral nervous system is split into _____ and ____ divisions
somatic (voluntary) and autonomic
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: parasympathetic :
resting, digestion, repairing the body
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: sympathetic:
things we do that require excitement
RAS: a network of cells in the ___ and ____ that help regulate the levels of awareness and alertness in humans
pons and medulla
RAS: bridges functions of the brain and body via connections to the ____ and ______
spinal cord and thalamus
RAS helps regulate _____ and ______
arousal and attention
dysfunction in the RAS is a likely contributor to what disorder?
ADHD
the limbic system:
circuits in the ____ and ______
cortex and midbrain
what does the limbic system help regulate
endocrine systems and emotions/emotional memory
The limbic systems contains:
prefrontal cortex, the olfactory (smell) cortex, the amygdala, the hippocampus, the cingulate gyrus, and hypothalamus
amygdala:
fear, fight or flight
hippocampus:
forming memories
cingulate gyrus:
activated when we experience unpleasant things
hypothalamus:
hunger, sexual, temp, aggression
frontal lobes:
decision making and movement
who is phineas gage
metal rod diagonally through front of skull but survived. helped discover that the prefrontal lobe was involved in decision making and personality
wheres the temporal lobes located
above ear
temporal lobe lesions (where cells have died) often result in _______
memory loss
temporal lobes are involved in
memories and processing sound input from the auditory nerves
Wernickes area
left temporal lobe, processing language
