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Lab Diagnosis > Mod 2 Tumor Makers > Flashcards

Mod 2 Tumor Makers Flashcards

1
Q

Substances, usually proteins, that are produced by the body in response to cancer growth or by the cancer tissue itself

A

Tumor markers

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2
Q

Specimens used in tumor markers:

A

Blood serum
Urine - VMA
Body tissues - estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors

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3
Q

Characteristics of an ideal tumor marker:

Detectable only in one tumor

A

Highly specific

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4
Q

Characteristics of an ideal tumor marker:

Non detectable in physiological or benign dse state, to avoid false positive results

A

Highly sensitive

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5
Q

Characteristics of an ideal tumor marker:

Sufficient time for alteration of natural course of dse

A

Long lead time

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6
Q

Characteristics of an ideal tumor marker:

Prognostic and predictive utility of tumor, accurately reflecting any tumor progression or regression

A

Levels correlate with tumor burden

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7
Q

Characteristics of an ideal tumor marker:

Acceptabtability by target population

A

Easily obtainable specimens

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8
Q

Characteristics of an ideal tumor marker:

Applicability as screening test at mass level

A

Simple and inexpensive test

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9
Q

Characteristics of an ideal tumor marker:

Frequent serial monitoring of marker levels after 5-6 half lives

A

Short half life

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10
Q

True or false. In reality, an ideal tumor marker does not exist.

A

True

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11
Q

Patients were considered to have SLE, if ____ of the criteria were met sequentially or simultaneously during any interval of observation.

A

Four

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12
Q

Normal fetal proteins synthesized by the liver, yolk sac and GIT

Shares common homology with albumin

Following birth, it clears rapidly from the circulation, having a half life 3.5

A

Oncofetal antigen

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13
Q

Involved in regulation of cell cycle and become over expressed or mutated almost exclusively in neoplasm

Occurs in epithelial cells and become elevated in tissue and serum in adeno squamous and squamous cell carcinomas

A

Oncoproteins

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14
Q

Recently discovered patterns of protein expression in serum that appear to be unique to specific types of cancer

Biomarkers for early tumor detection

A

Proteomics

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15
Q

Serum markers are frequently used in:

A

Screening
Diagnosis
Predict behavior of cancer

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16
Q

Provides a useful measurement of Ag-Ab concentration

A

ELISA

17
Q

Advantages of serum testing over tissue based methods:

A

Non invasive
More accurate quantification
Lack of inter observer difference

18
Q

A chymotrypsin like enzyme that occurs almost uniquely in prostate gland and has exceptional use in screening and monitoring in pts being treated for this dse

A

PSA

19
Q

Suppress cell growth by arresting it in cell cycle or by apoptosis

P53, BRCA1, BRCA2

A

Tumor

20
Q

Adhesion molecules that regulate metastasis:

A

Integrins
Selectins
Cadherin
Molecules of Ig gene families

21
Q

Focus on only a small surface area, an epitope or antigenic determinant using monoclonal antibodies

A

Monoclonal antibody defined tumor markers

22
Q

Identify Monoclonal antibody defined tumor marker:

Ovarian carcinoma

A

CA125

23
Q

Identify Monoclonal antibody defined tumor marker:

Pancreatic Ca

A

CA 19-9

24
Q

Identify Monoclonal antibody defined tumor marker:

Breast carcinoma

A

CA 15-3

HER2/neu

25
Q

Identify Monoclonal antibody defined tumor marker:

Gastric carcinoma

A

CA 72-4

26
Q

Other markers:

Elevates when benign tumor becomes malignant and metastasizes

A

Hormones

27
Q

Ectopic tumor markers:

GI, renal, bladder and ovarian ca

A

Alpha fetoprotein

28
Q

Ectopic tumor markers:

Endocrine tumors; lung, breast and ovary carcinoma

A

Calcitonin

29
Q

Ectopic tumor markers:

Colorectal carcinoma and pancreatic endocrine tumors

A

Free alpha hCG

30
Q

Ectopic tumor markers:

Differentiated thyroid carcinoma

A

Thyroglobulin

Lab Diagnosis (7 decks)

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