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Lab Diagnosis > Mod 2 Specimen Collection > Flashcards

Mod 2 Specimen Collection Flashcards

1
Q

What type of swab is used to collect specimen for most organisms

A

Polyester tipped swab on a plastic shaft

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2
Q

Swab that should be avoided for collection of viral cultures

A

Calcium alginate. Inactivates HSV

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3
Q

True or false. Specimens for recovery of bacteria should ideally be collected after microbial therapy has started.

A

False. Before

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4
Q

_______ may be toxic to N. gonorrheae

A

Cotton swab

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5
Q

______ shafts should be avoided and may be toxic to C. trachomatis

A

Wooden shaft swab

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6
Q

True or false. Swabs are optimal for detection of anaerobes, mycobacteria or fungi

A

False.(NOT) optimal

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7
Q

Is always superior to a swab specimen for recovery of pathogenic organisms

A

Tissue sample or fluid aspirate

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8
Q

Proper Specimen collection includes:

A 
Specimen obtained at site of infection
Minimal contamination
Collected in sterile container (except stool)
Labeled with name and identification #
Source of specimen
Date and time collected
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9
Q

Specimen transport.

Specimen should be placed in:

A

Biohazard bags

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10
Q

Specimen transport.

If a delay happens specimens for detection of C. trachomatis or viruses should be _______ to prevent overgrowth of normal flora

A

Refrigerated

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11
Q

Specimen transport.

If a delay happens specimens for detection of N. gonorrheae should be held at __________

A

Room temperature. (Refrigeration adversely affects recovery of potential pathogens)

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12
Q

Universal precaution:

Should be worn at all times

A

Gloves and lab coat

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13
Q

Universal precaution:

Must be worn when there is risk of splashing droplet formation

A

Gloves + lab coat

Mask, goggles,gowns/apron

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14
Q

True or false. Mycobacteria or fungi should be opened in a biological safety cabinet?

A

True. To prevent contamination of cell cultures

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15
Q

Essential in identifying bacteria responsible for bacteremia, sepsis, infections of prosthetic valves etc.

A

Culture of blood

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16
Q

Blood should be collected for culture before anti microbial therapy when any one or a combination are present:

A 
Fever 38 C or greater
Hypothermia 36 c or lower
Leucocytosis
Granulocytopenia
Hypotension
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17
Q

Germane to the detection of microorganisms in the blood

Technique for specimen collection

A

Phlebotomy

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18
Q

True or false. The optimal time to draw blood for cultures when bacteremia or fungemia is suspected is just after a chill?

A

False. Before chills

However because it is not predictable, blood cultures are collected after the onset of fever and chills

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19
Q

True or false. In adults with bacteremia, the number of CFU (colony forming units) per ml is frequently low at (20-30 ml per culture set) compared to infants and children where concentration is higher with (1-5 ml of blood per culture)?

A

True

20
Q

Nature of bacteremia:

Manipulation of a focus of infection (abscess, furuncle, cellulitis)

Surgical procedures

Localized infections like pneumonia

A

Transient Bacteremia

21
Q

Nature of bacteremia:

Undrained abscess

A

Intermittent bacteremia

22
Q

Nature of bacteremia:

Hallmark of intravascular infection

A

Continuous bacteremia

23
Q

Manual blood cultures:

Consist of broth medium in a bottle to which a chamber containing agar media on a paddle is attached

Recovery of facultative bacteria and yeast

A

Biphasic system

24
Q

Manual blood cultures:

Inhibit coagulation and the complement cascade, lyse blood cells and provide a cushion for microorganism during centrifugation

A

Lysis centrifugation blood culture system

25
Q

Automated blood culture systems:

Enhances recovery of fungi and recovery of bacteria from pts receiving anti microbial agents

Color changes are monitored every 10 minutes ( change in color from green to yellow)

A

Colorimetric detection of Co2

26
Q

Automated blood culture systems:

Computer generates growth curves and data are analyzed according to growth algorithms.

A

Fluorescent technology

27
Q

Detection of positive cultures:

Detected within 12-36 hrs of incubation

A

Aerobic organisms

28
Q

Detection of positive cultures:

Identification and susceptibility results 24-48 hours after gram staining

A

Aerobic organisms

29
Q

Detection of positive cultures:

Not detected for 48-72 hrs and identification is not available for 3-4 days after that

A

Anaerobic organisms

30
Q

Detection of positive cultures:

Not detected until 3-5 days

A

HACEK group

Haemophilus
Actinobacillus
Cardiobacterium
Eikenella
Kingella
31
Q

Detection of viruses like HIV, HCV and HBV to antiviral therapy using:

A

Quantitative PCR

32
Q

Detection of parasites:

Simplest technique

Diagnosis of trypanosomiasis or filariasis

A

Direct mount

33
Q

Detection of parasites:

Standard preparation for determining species of plasmodium, babesia, trypanosoma and microfilaria

A

Thin smear

34
Q

Detection of parasites:

Detects all parasites + minimum lab work up for their diagnosis

Giemsa stain, allowed to dry for dehemoglobinization

A

Thick smears

35
Q

It is collected to diagnose meningitis

A

CSF

36
Q

Agents most commonly responsible for meningitis

A

Enteroviruses

37
Q

CSF is usually obtained by_______ or is aspirated from the _______ or collected from a ______.

A

Lumbar spinal puncture
Ventricles
Shunt

38
Q

Test performed on fluid (CSF):

A

Tube 1: protein and glucose
Tube 2: prep smears to stain with gram stain for culture
Tube 3: cell counts
Tube 4: special tests (cryptococcal antigen)

39
Q

Diagnosis of neurosyphillis based on findings:

A

Pleocytosis
Elevated protein concentration
Positive VDRL

40
Q

Used most often for diagnosis if viral infections of the CNS

A

Nucleic acid amplification tests

41
Q

Cultures of free living amoebas from CSF are done on _______ plates covered with a suspension of E. Coli

A

Non nutrient agar plates

42
Q

Fluid is collected from the pericardial, thoracic, or peritoneal cavity or from joint spaces by:

A

Aspirating with a needle and syringe

43
Q

Most common causes of infectious pericarditis

A

Enteroviruses ( Cox viruses A and B)

44
Q

The fluid collected in a hydatid cysts specimen is usually:

A

Clear and contains hydatid sand

45
Q

True or false. Surgeon must obtain an amount of material that is adequate for both histopathologic and microbiological examination of tissues.

A

True

46
Q

Tissue obtained surgically should be obtained into a:

A

Sterile, wide mouthed, screw capped container

Lab Diagnosis (7 decks)

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