Mod 2: Transport

Question 1

what is xylem tissue?

Answer 1

specialised plant tissue for the transportation of water and dissolved mineral ions from the roots to the leaves

Question 2

how many directions does the movement in xylem tissue occur?

Answer 2

one - upwards from roots

Question 3

what is the transpiration-cohesion-tension theory?

Answer 3

as plants transpire increases water tension in the xylem tissue, causing the water to replace the water that was lost

due to the cohesive force between water molecules

Question 4

how does roots absorb water?

Answer 4

osmosis

Question 5

what is phloem tissue?

Answer 5

specialised plant tissue that transports sugars and other products of photosynthesis from leaves, where they are produced, to the rest of the plant where they are either used or stored

Question 6

how many directions does the movement in xylem tissue occur?

Answer 6

any direction - depends on where nutrients need to go

Question 7

What is an open circulatory system?

Answer 7

it is a circulatory system that is not sealed and is made up of one or more hearts.
the heart pumps blood into a cavity (sinuses) that surrounds organs, after which the blood is returned to the heart through special openings.
an open system only exchanges nutrients and wastes (gaseous exchange is performed by a different system)

Question 8

What is the transport fluid of an open circulatory system?

Answer 8

haemolymph - a mixture of blood and tissue fluid

Question 9

What is a closed circulatory system?

Answer 9

it is a sealed system that transports nutrients and O2 to all cells and carries wastes away from cells
they contain blood that is totally enclosed within vessels with the heart providing the driving force to push the blood around the body

Question 10

What is the pathway of blood in blood vessels from the heart, around the body and back to the heart?

Answer 10

arteries –> arterioles –> capillaries –> venules –> veins –> heart

Question 11

What are the components of blood? (how much of each)

Answer 11

red blood cells (41%), white blood cells(4%), plasma(55%)

Question 12

function of red blood cells

Answer 12

transport O2

Question 13

function of white blood cells

Answer 13

part of immune system - main defence of the body

Question 14

function of platelets

Answer 14

clotting the blood

Question 15

function of plasma

Answer 15

carries blood cells and many other dissolved substances (proteins, nutrients, gases, excretory waste products, ions, hormones, vitamins) that are required or expelled by the cells

Question 16

function and characteristics of arteries

Answer 16

carry blood away from heart
have thick and elastic walls to propel blood

Question 17

How many chambers in mammal hearts?

Answer 17

4 (2 left, 2 right)

Question 18

What separates the left and right side of the heart?

Answer 18

septum

Question 18

Where does the left ventricle pump blood to?

Answer 18

all around the body (that’s why it has thicker muscular walls compared to the right ventricle)

Question 19

Where does the right ventricle pump blood to?

Answer 19

only the lungs

Question 20

state the cycle of deoxygenated and oxygenated blood

Answer 20

deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium and then moves to the right ventricle form which is is pumped into the lungs to gain O2

oxygenated blood flows back to the left atrium and then to the left ventricle from which it is pumped to the rest of the body before it goes back to the right atrium

Question 21

Why does the composition of blood change as it moves throughout the body?

Answer 21

as blood travels around the body, it can lose/ gain:
O2
CO2
nutrients
water
salt

because of the organs it passes though