Mod 2: Nutrient and Gas requirements

Question 1

what is the difference between vascular and non-vascular plants?

Answer 1

non-vascular plants don’t have specialised structures for support and transport while vascular plants do.

Question 2

what are the two types of vascular tissue?

Answer 2

xylem and phloem

Question 3

what is the function of the root system

Answer 3

stabilize the plant in soil and absorb water and minerals

Question 3

what is the function of the shoot system?

Answer 3

stems: structural support and a pathway between roots and leaves
leaves: photosynthesis and transpiration

Question 4

what is the epidermis?

Answer 4

surface of the leaves
upper epidermis and lower epidermis

Question 5

what are guard cells?

Answer 5

bean-shaped cells that surround control the exchange of gases and loss of water

Question 6

what are stomata?

Answer 6

the pores of leaves in the epidermis

Question 7

when are the stomata open?

Answer 7

day time

Question 8

where does gaseous exchange occur in animals?

Answer 8

in the alveoli

Question 9

what is gaseous exchange?

Answer 9

the movement of gases between external environment (alveoli air) and internal environment (bloodstream)

Question 10

what are the common characteristics of all respiratory surfaces?

Answer 10

• large surface area
• thin, moist surfaces
• a close proximity to transport system
• the concentration gradient is maintained for continuous diffusion

Question 11

how does diffusion relate to the respiratory system?

Answer 11

Oxygen diffuses from where it is more concentrated in the alveoli into the capillaries where it is less concentrated

Question 12

what special structure do fish have for them to breathe underwater (gaseous exchange)

Answer 12

gills

Question 13

how do insects perform gaseous exchange?

Answer 13

via pores called spiracles, which lead to tracheal tubes, which then lead to smaller tubes called tracheoles

Question 14

What are the two parts of digestion?

Answer 14

mechanical and chemical

Question 15

explain mechanical digestion

Answer 15

the physical breakdown of food that occurs in the mouth. Teeth break down food into smaller chunks

Question 16

explain chemical digestion

Answer 16

it is the process of using digestive enzymes to chemically break down large and complex molecules.

this is so the food particles can become small enough to be absorbed into the blood stream

Question 17

track of digestive system

Answer 17

mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

(liver)

Question 18

function of small intestine

Answer 18

absorption
Glucose and amino acids are absorbed into the capillaries, while
fatty acids and glycerol move into the lacteal. Some water absorption will also occur here.

(Lacteals are connected to another transport system in the body – the lymph system)

Question 19

function of the large intestine

Answer 19

absorption of water, salts, and dietary fibre

Question 20

what is autotrophic nutrition

Answer 20

producing organic nutrients from inorganic substances

Question 21

what is heterotrophic nutrition

Answer 21

obtaining organic nutrients by feeding on other organisms