MOD 2: Stress, mental health, and performance

Question 1

Which is most strongly related to distress?
•A. Number of lifetime Criterion A traumas
experienced
•B. Number of daily stressors reported
•C. Number of Psychology lectures you listen
to per day
•D. Number of siblings you have

Answer 1

B. Number of daily stressors reported

Question 2

students say that stressors make them

Answer 2

sad, anxious, irritable

Question 3

community adults also say that stressors make them

Answer 3

sad, angry, irritable

Question 4

More – stressors correlated with more negative daily

mood and mental health symptoms in UM students

Answer 4

daily

Question 5

Among individuals who had never had a– –, those who had a stressful life event in a given month were
almost 10 times more likely to have a major depressive episode that month than those who did not have a stressful life event

Answer 5

depressive episode

Question 6

were daily stressors or # of lifetime PTEs more related to negative mood and symptoms

Answer 6

daily stressors

Question 7

are daily events or major events more related to mental health symptoms

Answer 7

daily .61

Question 8

major life events can lead to what which can lead to symptoms

Answer 8

daily hassles

• MLE (divorce) -> daily hassle ($) = distress (anxious)
• Trauma (abuse) -. daily hassle = distress (sad, angry)

Question 9

are interpersonal or noninterpersonal events related to distress

Answer 9

interpersonal

- argument with non family member largest

Question 10

Students who are more depressed react more - to daily stressors

Answer 10

negatively

- students who scored higher on a measures of depression rated daily events more distressing

Question 11

depressed individuals experience

Answer 11

more stressors

• dependent events
• symptoms of depression

Question 12

Depressed individuals also experience more stressors

• dependent events
• symptom

Answer 12

• due to persons own characteristics and behavior (interpersonal conflicts, being fired)
• rather than independent (fateful)
• pessimism, irritable, low energy

Question 13

stress generation theory

Answer 13

People are not just passive recipients of stressful events; they play an active role in creating them
- Stress generation models rest on the general assumption that individuals vulnerable to or diagnosed with depression causally contribute to stressful life events.

Question 14

if a person has more stressor exposures then they have more

Answer 14

anxiety, depression, anger

Question 15

• are daily or major events more related to distress
• Do interpersonal or non interpersonal stressors have a greater impact
• depression is related to perceiving the event as more
  people who are depressed also generate more — stressors

Answer 15

daily
interpersonal
stressful
dependent

Question 16

Do UMN students say the get adequate or not adequate sleep

Answer 16

do not get adequate sleep, woke up feeling stressed

46% get 3 or fewer days of good sleep

Question 17

NCHA study Many college students say sleep difficulties – affect their academic performance

Answer 17

negatively 22%

Question 18

UMN health survey what % of students say that sleep difficulties affects academics

Answer 18

52%

Question 19

students with better sleep say that are better able to

Answer 19

manage stress

82%

Question 20

Students say stress affects their

Answer 20

sleep, makes them tired, and gives them headaches

Question 21

Community adults also report – as a result of stress

Answer 21

fatigue

Question 22

when measured retrospectively what is the association between sleep and stress in college students

Answer 22

Small, negative association between stress and sleep in college students

Question 23

daily stressors and sleep UMN students

Answer 23

reported experiencing an average of about 3 stressors per day and slept an average of 7 hours per night

Question 24

did the number of stressors predicted the amount of sleep students were getting

Answer 24

Number of daily stressors significantly predicted a decrease in the total amount of sleep students received at nigh
- sleep decreased by 7 min

Question 25

Increase in total number of stressors also led to a slight decrease in that night’s -- --

Answer 25

sleep quality.

Question 26

-- is the factor students most often say affects their academic performance

Answer 26

stress

Question 27

Students who say stress negatively affects their performance have lowest

Answer 27

cumulative GPAs

Question 28

students who say that stress doesn't affect their performance had the highest

Answer 28

GPA

Question 29

According to students, the most common ways that stress affects performance are

Answer 29

* Trouble concentrating * Procrastinating * Feeling unmotivated

Question 30

Current perceived stress was - related to cumulative GPA across 8 studies

Answer 30

negatively

Question 31

How does the correlation between stress and GPA compare to other factors? procrastination, conscientious

Answer 31

- increase procrastination decrease GPA | - increase conscientious increase GPA

Question 32

at what part of the semester were more perceived stress at that led to poorer course performance

Answer 32

start -.31

Question 33

Students with - were significantly more likely to drop out of college by end of 2nd year

Answer 33

ptsd | 47%

Question 34

relation between PTSD symptoms and dropping out was only significant for -- students

Answer 34

female

Question 35

Among college women, more lifetime -- -- was associated with lower final term GPA

Answer 35

sexual victimization

Question 36

Among college women, more lifetime sexual victimization was associated with higher risk of

Answer 36

dropout

Question 37

Describe the relation between stress/trauma and academic performance and persistence in college students

Answer 37

Despite different methods, results consistently show that stress and trauma are related to poorer academic performance and lower retention

Question 38

In the Boyraz et al. (2013) study on PTSD and college retention, •a. Students who reported more traumatic events reported lower grades •b. Students who met criteria for PTSD were more likely to drop out of school •c. PTSD symptoms were related to drop out for men but not women •d. All of the above

Answer 38

Students who met criteria for PTSD were more likely to drop out of school

Question 39

Inverted U Theory of Stress

Answer 39

if you have to little of stress than you will not preform well if it is too high you also wont preform well you need an optimal level of stress to preform well

Question 40

Performance increases with physiological or mental arousal, but only up to a point. When levels of arousal become too high, performance decreases

Answer 40

Yerkes–Dodson law describes relation between ”arousal” and performance

Question 41

Mice learned more quickly at -- rather than at low or high levels of shock

Answer 41

moderate

Question 42

Despite its appeal, only % of 52 studies of stress and | job performance supported the inverted U theory

Answer 42

4

Question 43

They argued that three study characteristics biased the results toward “stress is bad” theory

Answer 43

1. Measures don’t capture stress levels below the optimal level • Common item –”workload too heavy” vs. workload is too light 2. Term stress has a negative connotation • I feel a great deal of stress because of my job vs. my job is very challenging 3. Samples often are selected because of high stress levels • Nurses (high) vs. truck drivers (low, monotonous?)

Question 44

Curvilinear relation between perceived stress and cumulative GPA

Answer 44

•At lower levels of stress, stress was positively related to GPA •At higher levels of stress, stress was negatively related to GPA •Stress = average level of stress over the past 30 days (1 = Not stressed at all to 10 = Vey stressed).

Question 45

Describe the inverted U theory of arousal/stress and | performance

Answer 45

Theory based on Yerkes-Dodson law that moderate levels of arousal/stress are associated with better performance than low or high levels of stress (but original study did not assess stress or arousal)

Question 46

do studies support the inverted U theory

Answer 46

no

Question 47

In the Muse et al. (2003) review paper, approximately what percentage of studies supported the inverted U theory of the relation between stress and job performance? •a. less than 10% •b. 20-40% •c. 40-60% •d. more than 60%

Answer 47

less than 10%