MOD 2: Diversity

Question 1

men or women are more likely to report more stress

Answer 1

women

Question 2

men and women % of healthy stress report

Answer 2

40% men

29% women

Question 3

Women or men are more likely to report every stress symptom

Answer 3

women

Question 4

married or unmarried women are more likely to report high stress

Answer 4

married

Question 5

why are married women more likley to report stress

Answer 5

• 71% of women with kids under 18 work outside the home

- second shift at home

Question 6

Married female professors with kids work a– – at home, esp.
during 30’s

Answer 6

second shift

Question 7

On average, 54% of – do all or most of the household

work compared to 22% of –.

Answer 7

women, men

Question 8

Women with a partner and children are 5.5 times more likely than their male counterparts to do

Answer 8

all or most of the household work

Question 9

Women who bring in
are 3.5 times more likely to do all or most of the household
work than men in the same situation.

Answer 9

more than half of their family income

Question 10

—– have significantly lower aspirations to be top executives than men with the same family structure.

Answer 10

Women with partners and children

Question 11

Gendered Caregiving

Answer 11

Mothers reported more caregiving activities than did fathers and spent more time doing them

Question 12

Gendered caregiving what types did the mom and dad do

Answer 12

• Moms and Dads did different kinds of caregiving; Moms report more stress during caregiving
• Dad: recreational and weekend activities
• mom: infant and solo parenting

Question 13

What is discrimination?

Answer 13

Treatment of an individual or group based on their actual or perceived membership in a certain group or social category in a way that is worse than how people are usually treated

Question 14

APA Stress in America rate of major discrimination amongst who

Answer 14

American Indians

Question 15

APA stress police discrimination common among who

Answer 15

black men

Question 16

Individuals who report experiencing discrimination also report less or more stress

Answer 16

more

6. 1 hispanic
7. 5 black
8. 4 white

Question 17

Large representative study

- Prevalence of perceived racial discrimination highest among

Answer 17

black and native americans

- greatest risk of developing mental health disorders

Question 18

Racial discrimination associated with greater risk of developing -

Answer 18

mental health diagnoses

- PTSD 4.27

Question 19

Discrimination and Aging

Answer 19

• Short telomeres associated with premature aging

- 93% reported experiencing discrimination

Question 20

Discrimination and Aging

Answer 20

• Short telomeres associated with premature aging

- 93% reported experiencing discrimination

Question 21

• with highest levels of discrimination and high anti-black bias had shortest telomeres (which is bad)

Answer 21

African American men

Question 22

Discrimination and allostatic load

- discrimination and - social support associated with highest allostatic load

Answer 22

high, low

Question 23

To describe the research on the relations between experiencing discrimination and mental and physical health

Answer 23

•Experiencing discrimination associated with greater risk of
mental and physical health problems
•Certain factors can “buffer” against the effects of
discrimination such as social support

Question 24

racial microaggressions

Answer 24

Brief and commonplace daily verbal,
behavioral, and environmental indignities,
whether intentional or unintentional, that
communicate hostile, derogatory, or
negative [racial] slights and insults to the
target person or group

Question 25

Three categories of microaggressions in their

model

Answer 25

1. Microinsults
2. Microinvalidations
3. Microassaults

Question 26

Microinsults

Answer 26

Rude, insensitive, demeaning behaviors/remarks about a person’s race, often done unconsciously

• assigning a degree of intelligence based off race
• lesser or second class citizen
• assumption of criminality

Question 27

Microinvalidations

Answer 27

Comments/behaviors that exclude/negate thoughts/ feelings/reality of people of color, also often done unconsciously

• racial minorities are foreigners
• color blind
• minor role of race in life
• denial of own racism

Question 28

Microassaults

Answer 28

Explicit racial derogations characterized by verbal or nonverbal attacks meant to hurt intended victim

• conscious and intended
• name call, avoid, purpose

Question 29

Environmental microaggressions

Answer 29

something in a person’s environment that sends a message of invalidation of a marginalized group

• uni buildings named after white men
• underrepresented on TV
• liquor stores in community of color

Question 30

Dilemmas posed by microaggressions

Answer 30

• class of racial realities (racism decline thot)
• invisibility of unintentional bias
• Perceived minimal harm of microaggressions
• Catch-22 of responding

Question 31

APA Stress in America Survey discrimination

Majority of ethnic minorities report experiences of

Answer 31

everyday discrimination

• 81% NA
• 76% black

Question 32

Microaggressions and well-being among Asian American students

Answer 32

• 78% of sample reported at least one microaggression over the 2 week period
• Microaggressions were reported on 18% of study days

Question 33

Experiencing microaggressions associated with

Answer 33

lower physical and mental well-being

• Students who reported more microaggressions reported more negative moods, less positive moods, and more physical symptoms
• on days when students experienced microaggressions they reported more negative mood and somatic symptoms on that day AND the next day

Question 34

Microaggression and health black HS students

Answer 34

• 97% reported at least one race-related microaggression
• average of 1-2 per day
• On days when students experienced microaggressions they
  reported more depression on that day AND the next day

Question 35

Problems with the definition and labeling of microaggressions, according to Lilienfeld

Answer 35

• Not clear what should “count”
• Two contradictory statements/behaviors can both be microaggressions
• Microaggressions are in the eye of the beholder
• What level of agreement among minority group members is needed to consider something a microaggression?

Question 36

Problems with the label “microaggressions”

Answer 36

•Term implies that the actions are “aggressive”
•Aggression usually implies some intent to
harm
•But microaggressions are typically unintentional
•Labeling ambiguous statements as aggressive
may inadvertently foster aggression in
recipients
•He suggests term “inadvertent racial slights”

Question 37

5 premises of microaggression research that

Lilienfeld concludes are unsupported

Answer 37

•1. Are operationalized with sufficient clarity and
consensus to afford rigorous scientific investigation
•2. Reflect implicitly prejudicial and implicitly
aggressive motives
•3. Are interpreted negatively by most or all
minority group members
•4. Can be validly assessed using only respondents’
subjective reports
•5. Exert an adverse impact on recipients’ mental
health

Question 38

Potential costs of microaggression training

Answer 38

•Some things we think will help, actually hurt
•Critical Incident Stress Debriefing
•Antiprejudice campaigns can backfire
•Can create reactance especially if they encourage
confrontation in a heavy-handed manner
•Microaggression training could lead minority
individuals to be hypervigilant to potential slights
•Efforts to encourage individuals to attend to
microaggressions could lead to falsely labeling
innocuous behaviors
•This could exacerbate racial tensions

Question 39

Microaggression training could lead

Answer 39

minority individuals to be hypervigilant to potential slights, more tensions