Mod 16 Flashcards
Operant conditioning is
a type of learning in which the frequency of responding depends on consequences
The law of effect refers to the tendency to
repeat behaviors with favorable consequences, and avoid behaviors with unfavorable consequences
The psychologist most closely associated with the study of operant conditioning was
Skinner
B.F. Skinner believed our actions are controlled by
genetics
Reinforement is defined as
any consequence that increases the likelihood a behavior will be repeated
Punishment is defined as
any consequence that decreases the likelihood a behavior will be repeated
In what way is positive reinforcement different than negative reinforcement?
Positive involves adding a stimulus and negative involves taking a stimulus away
Esmes mom cooks a big plate of tofu as a reward because she cleaned her room this weekend. She does not ever clean her room again. In this situation the tofu might be a ______
punishment
Sophia stays out too late, which of the following would be considered a punishement?
A) Praising everytime she is in y curfew
B) giving her $3 every time she in on time
C) discussing changes in rules
D) taking away car
d
Because Carol would always pick up her newborn daughter when she began ti cry, her daughter is now a real crybaby. In this case, picking up the infant served as _____________ for crying
Positive reinforcer
Andrew no longer bites cords because he was spanked for it. His change in behavior best illustrates the effect of
punishment
Adding a stimulus such as gold stars, food, attention even scolding is an example of
positive reinforcement
Dr. Raheja places a rat in a small, glass enclosed chamber where it learns to press a bar to obtain a food pellet. She is using a ______ to study learning
Skinner box
Shaping involves
positively reinforcing behaviors that move closer and closer to a target behavior
As a tiger learns to jump through a hoop the trainer gives it a reward for moving toward the hoop. What technique does the trainer use?
Shaping
When an organism has been conditioned to distunguish between similar stimuli, behaviorists say the organism can
discriminate
Extinction is
the loss of a learned response when there is no longer a consequence
When davids parents stop paying him for his A’s he doesnt get a’s any more. This is an example of
extinction
When a teacher ignores a disruptive student, he stops being disruptive. How do you explain this?
The student wasnt being reinforced for their behavior, so the behavior became extinct
If every correct response is reinforced, __________ is being used
Continuous reinforcement
Which type of reinforcement schedules require multiple responses for the learner before reinforcment occurs?
Ration Schedules
Reinforcing a behavior should always ______ the likelihood the behavior will be repeated. In situations involved overjustification effect, the reinforcement decreases the behavior. This situation demonstrates the importance of _______ in operant conditioning
Increase, cognitive processes
