Child Development

Question 1

Genes

Answer 1

The biochemical units of heredity that direct how our cells become specialized for various functions during prenatal development

Question 2

Embryo

Answer 2

The developing human organism from about two weeks after fertilization through the end of the eighth week

Question 3

Fetus

Answer 3

The developing human organism from nine weeks after conception to birth

Question 4

Teratogens

Answer 4

Substances that cross the placental barrier and prevent and prevent the fetus from developing normally

Question 5

Fetal Alcohol syndrome

Answer 5

A series of physical and cognitive abnormalities that appear in children whose mothers consumed large amounts of alcohol while pregnant. Symptoms may include noticeable facial misproportions

Question 6

Rooting Reflex

Answer 6

A baby’s tendency, when touched on the cheek, to open the mouth and search for the nipple; this is an automatic, unlearned response

Question 7

Temperament

Answer 7

A persons characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

Question 8

Maturation

Answer 8

Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience

Question 9

Zygote

Answer 9

The fertilized egg; it enters a two week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo

Question 10

Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

Answer 10

Pioneer in the study of developmental psychology who introduced a stage theory of cognitive development that led to a better understanding of children’s thought process

Question 11

Cognition

Answer 11

All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, and remembering

Question 12

Schemes

Answer 12

Concepts or mental frameworks that organize and interpret information

Question 13

Assimilation

Answer 13

Interpreting ones new experience in terms of ones existing schemas

Question 14

Accommodation

Answer 14

Adapting ones current understanding to incorporate new info

Question 15

Sensorimotor Stage

Answer 15

In Piagets theory, the stage from from birth to two years, during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities

Question 16

Object Permanence

Answer 16

The awareness that things continue to exist even when you can not see or hear them

Question 17

Preoperational Stage

Answer 17

In Piagets theory, the stage from 2 to 7 years old, during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic

Question 18

Conservation

Answer 18

The principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number, remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects

Question 19

Egocentrism

Answer 19

The inability of the ore preoperational child to take another’s point of view

Question 20

Concrete Operational Stage

Answer 20

In Piagets theory, stage from 6 to 11 years old, during which children gain e mental skills that let them think logically about concrete events

Question 21

Formal operational

Answer 21

Piagets theory, stage from 12 to adult, during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts and form strategies

Question 22

Stranger Anxiety

Answer 22

Fear of Strangers begins about 8 months

Question 23

Attachment

Answer 23

An emotional tie with another person

Question 24

Harry Harlow

Answer 24

Psychologist who researched the relationship of body contact and nourishment to attachment, using infant monkeys and artificial mothers

Question 25

Critical Period

Answer 25

An optimal period shortly after birth when an organism’s exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development

Question 26

Konrad Lorenz

Answer 26

Researcher who focused on critical attachment periods in baby birds, a concept he called imprinting

Question 27

Authoritarian Parenting

Answer 27

Style of parenting marked by imposing rules and expecting obedience

Question 28

Permissive Parenting

Answer 28

Style of parenting marked by submitting to children’s desires, making few demands, and using little punishment

Question 29

Authoritative Parenting

Answer 29

A style of parenting marked by making demands on the child, being responsive, setting and enforcing rules and discussing the reasons behind the rules