Mod 14: Neuro Sensory Systems Flashcards
Discriminative general senses (DGS) are comprised of
2 point discrimination Size perception Texture perception Stereognosis (form/shape perception) Conscious perception
What is static proprioception
Perception of the body parts in relation to one another
Position sense
What is dynamic proprioception
The ability to sense movement and balance
Kinesthetic sense
DGS: conscious proprioception has what 2 parts?
Static proprioception and dynamic proprioception
What are the 4 main ascending sensory pathways
- Dorsal column/media lemniscus
- Anterolateral Spinothalamic
- Trigeminal/trigeminothalamic
- Spinocerebellar
The sensory axons enter the spinal cord via
Dorsal root ganglion
What are the different receptor types of stimulus
HINT: 5 mentioned
- Mechanoreceptors
- Thermoreceptors
- Nociceptors
- Electromagnetic
- Chemoreceptors
What are neciceptors
Detect pain, damage in tissues
The third order neuron travels from _____ to _____
Thalamus; cerebral cortex
The 1st order neuron travels from ____ to _____ or _____
Receptor; Spinal cord or brainstem nucleus
The 2nd order neuron travels from _____ to _____. It crosses from ____ to ______ side
Nucleus; thalamus
Midline; opposite
The dorsal column is comprised of
Fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus
Fasiciculus gracilis
What does it do/what are its characteristics
Has sensations from lower-half body
Travels more medially in the SC
Ascends to the medulla
Synapses of nucleus gracilis
Fasciculus cuneatus
Sensations from the upper body
Travels more laterally in SC
Ascends to medulla
Synapses on nucleus cuneatus
In the DC/ML system, the 3rd order neuron goes up to the _____ area of the cortex
Upper 2/3 area, area 3-1-2
Loss of tactile sensibility is
Tactile anesthesia
Tactile hypoesthesia is
Reduction in tactile sensibility
Exaggerated tactile sensibility is
Tactile hyperesthesia
What are the 2 pathways in the Anterolateral spinothalamic system
Lateral spinothalamic and Anterior spinothalamic
Lateral spinothalamic mediates
Pain and temperature
Anterior spinothalamic mediates
Light/crude touch
What does “algia” mean
Pain
Neuralgia means
Severe pain
What are the 3 categories of altered response?
- Analgesia = no response
- Hypoalgesia = reduced response
- Hyperalgesia = increased response
What occurs if there is a lesion to the dorsal root or nucleus of termination in the lateral spinothalamic pathway?
Causes ipsilateral impairment in pain/temperature sensations
Lesion to lateral spinothalamic pathways (crossed fibers) cause
A contralateral impairment in pain/temperature sensation
In the trigeminal system, the 3rd order neuron travels to what area of the cortex
Lower 1/3 of area 3-1-2
Effects of lesion to the ganglion or sensory nucleus in the trigeminal pathways causes
Ipsilateral sensory loss
Lesion to the anterior pathway causes
Contralateral sensory loss
Lesion to the posterior pathway causes
Mild effects on the discriminative general senses
The trigeminal system has what 2 pathways
Anterior (ventral) trigeminothalamic (crossed)
Posterior (dorsal) trigeminothalamic (crossed and uncrossed)
The spinocerebellar pathways mediate
Unconscious proprioception
What are the 4 spinocerebellar pathways
2- dorsal/posterior tracts = dorsal/posterior spinocerebellar and cuneocerebellar
2- ventral/anterior tracts = ventral spinocerebellar and rostral spinocerebellar
In the dorsal/posterior tracts the proprioceptive input comes from (what part of the body)?
Lower-half body and limbs
The cuneocerebellar tracts have proprioceptive input from
Upper half-body and limbs
