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Neuro midterm 2 (mods 8-14) > Cranial Nerves mod 13 > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves mod 13 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 general sensory modalities

A
  1. Pain
  2. Temperature
  3. Vibration
  4. Crude (light) touch
  5. Discriminative (fine) touch
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2
Q

What are the 5 special sensory modalities

A
  1. Taste
  2. Smell
  3. Vision
  4. Hearing
  5. Balance
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3
Q

Cranial Nerve I is…

It is found in the…

A

Olfactory

Telencephalon

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4
Q

Cranial Nerve II is..

It is located in the ___

A

Optic

Diencephalon

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5
Q

Cranial nerves III-XII are located in the

A

Brainstem

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6
Q

Which cranial nerves are important for speech?

Give name and number

A 
Trigeminal (V)
Facial (VII)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)
Accessory (XI)
Hypoglossal (XII)
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7
Q

Which cranial nerves are purely sensory

A

Olfactory (I)
Acoustic (VII)
Optic (II)

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8
Q

The motor cranial nerves are

A 
Occulomotor (III)
Trocholear (IV)
Abducens (VI)
Accessory (XI)
Hypoglossal (XII)
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9
Q

Mixed cranial nerves

A

Trigeminal (V)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)
Facial (VII)

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10
Q

T/F Lower face and tongue is ipsilateral only

A

False, contralateral

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11
Q

The six cranial nerves responsible for speech are located

A

In the pons and medulla

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12
Q

What are the three branches of the trigeminal (V) nerve

A

Opthalamic, maxillary, mandibular

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13
Q

T/F The maxillary dimension of the trigeminal nerve is sensory

A

True

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14
Q

Name the motor aspects of the mandibular dimension of the trigeminal nerve (V)

A 
M.A.M.T.T (my ass might tense today)
Muscles of mastication
Anterior belly of digastric and mylohyoid
Mentalis 
Tensor Tympani
Tensor Veli Palatine
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15
Q

The opthalamic dimension includes

A

Upper face
Upper/outer nose
Anterior scalp and forehead

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16
Q

The maxillary dimension of the trigeminal nerve includes

A 
Mid face
Cheeks
Lower nose/nostrils
Upper teeth, lips, alveolus
Hard and soft palate
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17
Q

The sensory portion of the mandibular dimension of the trigeminal nerve includes

A

Lower face
Lower teeth, lips and jaw
TMJ
General sensory of anterior 2/3 of tongue

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18
Q

What are the three sensory nuclei of termination of CN V

A

Main sensory
Spinal nucleus
Mesencephalic

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19
Q

CN V mediates input of ___ and ___ and output of ____

A

Facial reflexes, jaw jerk reflexes, Jaw jerk reflexes

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20
Q

A bilateral brainstem lesion of the vagus nerve may result is

A

Hypernasality, dysphagia, or bilateral vocal fold paralysis

Because if there is a lesion in the brainstem it affects:
Phonation, resonance, respiration, and protective reflexes (VP gag and cough)

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21
Q

Lesion to the right recurrent laryngeal nerve will result in

A

Right sided unilateral vocal fold paralysis

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22
Q

The lower motor neuron lesion of CN VII (facial) results in

A

Ipsilateral half face paralysis

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23
Q

T/F: An exaggerated jaw jerk reflux is due to a LMN lesion to the CN V

A

False

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24
Q

An UMN lesion to CN VII results in

A

Paralysis of the lower facial quadrant on the contralateral side

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25
Q

Bell’s palsy is due to a _____ motor neuron lesion to CN ___

A

Lower, facial (VII)

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26
Q

T/F: CN IX has two roots, bulbar root and a spinal root

A

True

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27
Q

T/F: CN X mediates the motor outputs of both the gag reflex and the cough reflex

A

True

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28
Q

T/F: CN XII (Hypoglossal) provides bilateral innervation to the muscles of the tongue

A

False

Contralateral (predominately crossed innervation)

provides innervation to the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue (except palatoglossus).

29
Q

Motor innervation for the anterior belly digastric is provided by CN ____, while motor innervation for the posterior belly digastric is provided by CN ___

A

Trigeminal V; Facial VII

30
Q

The facial nerve mediates both the sensory input and motor output for the jaw jerk reflex

A

False, Trigeminal

31
Q

The facial nerve mediates taste from the posterior third of the tongue

A

False, Anterior 2/3s of the tongue

32
Q

The nucleus ambiguus is the motor nucleus for

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (X) and Accessory (XI

33
Q

The sensory ganglion for the CN VII is the

A

Geniculate ganglion

34
Q

The stylopharyngeus muscle is innervated by

A

CN IX

35
Q

What are the branches of CN X

A

Pharyngeal, Superior laryngeal nerve, Recurrent laryngeal nerve

36
Q

You are assessing a patient’s ability to protrude the tongue and observe that the tongue deviates to the left on protrusion. This indicates

A

Lesions to either the ipsilateral LMN of CN XII or contralateral UMN of CN XII

37
Q

You observe a bilateral vocal fold paresis during videostroboscopic exam. Your patient presents with he of a recent stroke involving a branch of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA). The bilateral paresis is likely due to

A

A stroke involving the branch of the MCA

38
Q

Where is the facial nerve located

A

Lower pons

39
Q

The five main motor branches of the facial nerve supply

A

All facial muscles
Posterior digastric
Stylohyoid
Stapedius muscle of the middle ear

40
Q

Name the characteristics of bell’s palsy

A 
LMN disorder
Affects entire 1/2 of face
Labial corner drops
Can't close eyes
Most recover
41
Q

If there is an UMN pathology there is a ____facial quadrant ___

A

Lower; paresis

42
Q

Where is the glossopharyngeal nerve located

A

Upper medulla

43
Q

What are the two sensory ganglion of CN IX

A

Superior and inferior Petrosal ganglion

44
Q

The hypoglossal nerve is important for

A

Swallowing, mastication and articulation

45
Q

T/F Damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve can cause unilateral vocal fold paralysis

A

True

46
Q

The superior laryngeal nerve ____ branch innervates the ____

A

External; Cricothyroid

47
Q

The extrinsic muscles are innervated by what CN

A

V, VII, and XII

48
Q

The anterior belly digastric and the mylohyoid are innervated by

A

CN V and motor nucleus of V

49
Q

The posterior belly digastric and stylohyoid are innervated by

A

CN VII and facial motor nucleus

50
Q

What are the 4 main articulatory valuing components

A

Labial via CN VII
Lingual via CN XII
Velopharyngeal via CN X and XI
Laryngeal via CN X and XI

51
Q

CN X is motor to

A

Palatal muscles
Pharyngeal constrictors
Intrinsic laryngeal
Cricothyroid

52
Q

What motor components are assessed during a motor facial nerve assessment?

A

Muscles of facial expression (at reset, during function)

Lip gestures and lip strength

53
Q

If there is a loss of taste and sensations on the posterior 1/3 portion of the tongue there is a _____ lesion to CN ____

A

Unilateral; IX glossopharyngeal

54
Q

With a CN X nerve lesion LMN results in ____ and UMN results in

HINT: what kind of paralysis/paresis

A

Unilateral/ipsilateral VF paralysis

Mild bilateral VF paresis

55
Q

What motor aspects to you asses for CN XII

A

Fasiciulation (LMN damage); symmetry during function (protrusion); reflexes; ROM and tip precision; movement symmetry in elevation; tongue precision; and tongue strength

56
Q

The characteristics of pharyngeal nerve lesion are

A

LMN lesion= ipsilateral impairment

Unilateral

57
Q

What are the effects of bilateral UMN lesions?

A

Devastating effects on jaw movements
Impact on mastication
Impact of laryngeal elevation and swallow

58
Q

LMN paralysis results in

A

Absent (ipsilateral) jaw reflex
Muscle weakness
Muscle atrophy

59
Q

Facial nerve: LMN lesion results in

A

Ipsilateral half-face involvement

Mild speech distortion (dysarthria)

60
Q

Facial Nerve: UMN Lesion results in

A

Contralateral lower facial quadrant paresis

Little or no observable impact on upper face

61
Q

The spinal nucleus of V mediates

A

Sensory portion of facial reflexes

62
Q

What are the 3 main functional components of the facial nerve

A

Special sensory to tongue and hard palate
Voluntary motor to all muscles of facial expression
Visceral motor to sublingual, submaxillary, submandibular and lacrimal glands

63
Q

T/F the upper half face receives bilateral innervation

A

True

64
Q

The lower half face receives _____ supply only from _____ motor cortex

A

UMN; contralateral

65
Q

T/F: Lesion that is proximal to the geniculate ganglion is more severe with less hope for complete recovery

A

True

66
Q

What are the two sensory nuclei of CN IX

A 
Spinal nuclei of V (input comes from Superior petrosal)
Solitary nuclei (input comes from inferior petrosal)
67
Q

what are the two sensory ganglia of CN V

A

Superior jugular

Nodose (inferior ganglia to solitary nucleus)

68
Q

If there is an absent or diminished gag, which CN is affected?

A

IX glossopharyngeal

69
Q

A complete unilateral lesion results in

A

A loss of taste and sensation posterior 1/3 of tongue; diminished/unilateral loss of VP gag; dysphagia

Neuro midterm 2 (mods 8-14) (7 decks)

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