Mod 11: Neuron Anatomy And Physio Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two basic types of cells?

A

Neurons and neurolgia

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2
Q

What are the neurons function?.

A

Conduct signals in the NS and serve all sensorimotor activities and higher cortical functions

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3
Q

Neuroglia are

A

Supporting and insulating cells

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4
Q

What do Schwann cells do

A

Form and lay down the myelin sheath on peripheral nerves and form the axon covering

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5
Q

What are the 3 types of neuroglia in the CNS?

A
  1. Oligodendroglia
  2. Astroglia
  3. Microglia
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6
Q

What is the oligodendroglia function

A

Form and lay down myelin sheath

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7
Q

What is the function of Astroglia

A

Occupy spaces between neural processes in the gray matter and insulate the synapse

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8
Q

What do the microglia function as

A

Macrophages- remove cell debris

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9
Q

Where is the action potential initiated?

A

axon hillock

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10
Q

Where do each main axon terminate

A

Terminates by branching into several terminal processes = telodendron

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11
Q

What does the bouton contain?

A

Vesicles that contain neurotransmitters substance

- excitatory and inhibitory

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12
Q

Where do each telodendron end

A

Terminal bouton

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13
Q

Neurons can be classified by what 2 features?.

A

The number of processes they have and the length of the neuron

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14
Q

What are the 3 types or classes of neurons

A
  1. Multipolar neuron
  2. Bipolar neuron
  3. Unipolar neuron
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15
Q

Most ____ neurons are found in the brain

A

Multipolar

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16
Q

The bipolar neuron has 2 processes, the dendrite is the _____process and the axon is the _____ process

A

Peripheral; central

17
Q

Which neuron is the ‘T-shaped’ neuron

A

Unipolar neuron

18
Q

Neurotransmitters are produced by ____ with in the cell’s neuroplasm

A

Mitochondria

19
Q

What is the space that exists between the bouton of one neuron and the cell body, dendrite or axon of another neuron

A

Synaptic cleft

20
Q

T/f: neuroaaxonal is the site of contact between axon (bouton) and soma or dendrite of 2nd neuron

A

False: neurosomatic

21
Q

The internode is the

A

Distance between nodes

22
Q

T/F: The membrane potential in a neuron is about +70mv

A

False: -70mv

Cell membrane is also polarized at -70mv

23
Q

Inside the cells there is a high concentration of

A

Potassium and anions

24
Q

Outside the cel there is a high concentration of

A

Sodium ions and chloride ions

25
Q

T/F: resting cell membrane is somewhat impermeable to potassium but very permeable to sodium ions

A

False; impermeable to sodium ions and very permeable to potassium

26
Q

What is an action potential?

A

The nerve impulse
Can be elicited by nerve fibers by any factor that suddenly increase the permeability of the cell membrane to sodium ions

27
Q

What are AP’s elicited by

A

A physical or chemical stimulus

28
Q

To trigger an AP, the membrane potential must become more positive by ____mv

A

10

29
Q

How does the membrane potential become more positive when AP is elicited

A

Sodium leaks into the cell

30
Q

The return to the membrane potential to its resting state is called

A

Repolarization

31
Q

____ is the initial positive change in membrane potential that occurs in preparation for AP

A

Depolarization

32
Q

When does the refractory period occur?

A

After AP is triggered

33
Q

What are the two components of the refractory period

A
  1. Absolute - new AP can’t be generated; neuron is hyperpolarized and negative
  2. Relative - a strong stimulus can cause a new AP, membrane not fully repolarized
34
Q

T/F: AP is an all-or-nothing phenomenon

A

True, fires or not

35
Q

What are the two types of neural stimulation

A

Temporal and spatial

36
Q

What needs to occur to generate a new AP

A

An arriving stimulus needs to reach the initial segment (axon of hillock) of the neuron and a greater generator potential need to sum

37
Q

A ____ stimulus evokes a small potential

A

Weak

38
Q

The excitation of the receptor membrane makes the post-synaptic membrane more ____

A

Positive

39
Q

What’s the difference between the inhibitory an excitatory post-synaptic potential

A

Inhibitory prevents a developmental of generator potential, decreasing an new AP
Excitatory generates a local graded response to facilitate a AP