Mod 14 Cancers Flashcards
Breast
Leading cancer death in women
Eti: prolonged reproductive life (late menopause), 50 or older, obesity, increased estrogen in fat deposits, history, having no children
Patho: Epithelial cell tumors that develop from cells lining the ducts or lobules of the breast
CM: Masses- nontender, firm with irregular borders. most common place on the breast for a woman to have a tumor is the upper, outer quadrant. nipple discharge, swelling, nipple or skin retraction, peau d’orange—a thickening of skin that resembles an orange peel. Paget’s disease- redness, crusting, pruritus, and tenderness.
Prostate
Eti: Family history, consumption of fat, red meat, fried foods, and dairy; high calcium intake; alc, smoking.
Prevention: eat lots of veggies and moderate exercise
Patho: adenocarcinoma. tumor suppressor genetic defect, which causes uncontrolled cellular growth in the gland. glandular cells hyperproliferate, further mutations of other genes occur
CM: prostate gland can obstruct urine flow from the bladder.
Lung
1 cancer death
Eti: Smoking, radiation therapy
Patho: overload of carcinogens from smoking and other environmental toxins can paralyze the cilia (cleans out carcinogens) of the respiratory tract’s epithelium. Respiratory tract changes from hyperplasia to dysplasia to cancerous mass
CM: cough, hemoptysis (blood in sputum), wheeze, stridor, chest pain, and dyspnea, Patients may complain of weight loss, fever
Colon
Eti: genetic, Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a well-defined hereditary disorder that predisposes an individual to intestinal polyps. IBD-Ulceratice volitis and Crohn’s disease
Patho: Colon cancer most commonly begins as a polyp, which goes through a number of changes to become cancerous
CM: fatigue, weakness, abdominal cramping, weight loss, iron-deficiency anemia, changes in bowel habits, blood in the stool, diarrhea, and constipation, iron deficiency anemia sign of slow GI blood loss that occurs in colon cancer, melena
