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NURS 341 > Mod 1: Section 1 > Flashcards

Mod 1: Section 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Nursing research

A

systematic inquiry that uses disciplined methods to answer questions.

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2
Q

What is the aim of nursing research?

A

To generate trustworthy evidence and to develop a body of knowledge for a discipline

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3
Q

What is Evidence-based Practice?

A

information gathered from rigorous studies that guide actions and the decisions of nurses in patient care.

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4
Q

Roles of Nurses in Research

A
  1. Consumers of research- read reports and keep up to date on findings
  2. Contribute to research- help collecting, offer advice, discuss the implications of the research
  3. Producers of Research- actively design and under take the studies.
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5
Q

Nursing research focus from 1900-1940

A

focused on nursing education

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6
Q

Nursing research focus 1950’s

A

CLinical nursing problems

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7
Q

Nursing research focus 1960’s

A

Quality care and measuring quality of care.

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8
Q

Nursing research focus 1970’s-1980’s

A

Clinical problems

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9
Q

Nursing research focus in the 1990’s

A

Outcomes increasingly focused. National Institute of Nursing Research created and Nursing Journals were created.

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10
Q

Nursing research trends for the future

A
  1. Continued focus on EBP
  2. Stronger evidence through confirmatory strategies - stronger research designs and increased reliability through replication and consistency
  3. Continued on systemic reviews- the cornerstone of EBP.
  4. Expanded local research- small studies designed to solve local issues
  5. Expanded dissemination of research findings.
  6. Increased focus on the cultural issues and health disparities
  7. Increasingly patient focused research
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11
Q

Sources of Knowledge (6)

A

(1/6)
Authority, Beliefs and tradition.
- the way things have always been, unit culture, peoples expertise and speciality
- can be an obstacle because can limit care and expansion of knowledge

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12
Q

Sources of Knowledge (6)

A

(2/6)
Inspiration
- creative process, can come from clients and peers

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13
Q

Sources of Knowledge (6)

A

(3/6)
Intuition
-the “hunch” feeling guides research and proceed in a certain manner. Stem from experience

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14
Q

Sources of Knowledge (6)

A

(4/6)
Social construction of reality
- set beliefs commonly held within a society or culture.
-Examples:
- the idea that men and women respond the same to interventions, this is a social construct.

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15
Q

Sources of Knowledge (6)

A

(5/6)
Logical Reasoning
- problems solved by combination pf logical thought and intellectual ability and experience
- Inductive Reasoning- reasoning from specific observations to more general rules

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16
Q

Sources of Knowledge (6)

A

(6/6)
Deductive Reasoning
- making specific predictions from a generalized situation

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17
Q

Scientific Reasoning

A
  • minimizes bias
  • most reliable way to gather info
  • information is generalized from mulitple instances
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18
Q

Research Methods

A
  1. Descriptive
  2. Correlational
  3. Experimental
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19
Q

Descriptive Research

A
  • observe, describe, and document aspects a situation

- describe the what and how it related to other events.

20
Q

Correational Research

A
  • how things are in relation to others.

- 2 or more variables or conditions are measured in order to see if one influences the other

21
Q

Experimental Research

A
  • how things are and how they got that way

- focus to test an intervention/treatment

22
Q

Paradigms

A
  1. Positivist

2. Constructivist

23
Q

Positivist Paradigm: the nature of relaity

A

-reality exists, driven by real world natural causes

24
Q

Positivist Paradigm: Relationship between the researcher and researched individual

A
  • researcher is independent of from researcher
25
Q

Positivist Paradigm: Best method for obtaining evidence

A
  • deductive processes hypothesis testing
  • emphasis on discrete specific concepts
  • focused o the objective and quantifiable
  • corroboration of researchers predictions
  • fixed prespecified design
  • stat analysis
  • seeks generalization
26
Q

Constructivist Paradigm: The nature of reality

A
  • there are multiple and subjective
  • varies between people
  • mentally constructed
27
Q

Constructivist Paradigm: Relationship between the researcher and the researched

A

-researcher interacts with the researched individual; results are from the interaction

28
Q

Constructivist Paradigm: Roles of values in the inquiry

A

Subjectivity and values are inevitable and desirable

29
Q

Psoitivist Paradigm: Role of values in the inquiry

A

Values and bias held in check; objectivity sought

30
Q

Positivist Paradigm: Best method for obtaining evidence

A
  • Inductive hypothesis generation
  • Emphasis on the whole
  • focus on the subjective and non-quantifiable
  • emerging insight grounded in participants experiences
  • flexible , emergent design
  • context bound
  • seeks in depth understanding
31
Q

Quantitative research method

A
  • associated with positivism
  • no subjectivity, bias controlled
  • isolate variable by controlling influencing factors
    - demonstrating the effects one has on the other
  • generalized results and can be used to predict other circumstances
  • scientific method
  • gather empirical evidence
32
Q

Empirical Evidence

A

-evidence rooted in objective reality and gathered using ones senses as the bias generating bias

33
Q

Characteristics of Quantitative

A
  • observed behaviour is expressed in numerical form
  • testing of hypothesis is based on a sample of observations
  • statistical analysis of the data is used
  • attempts to describe relationships among variables mathematically and applies some form of numerical analysis to the social relationships being examined
34
Q

Qualitative Research

A
  • associated with constructivist paradigm
  • looks at the complexity of humans and their ability to create their experiences
  • focus on the human experience as it happens
  • emphasis on dynamic, holistic and individual aspects of human life
  • flexible and evolving procedures
  • research grounded in real life experiences
35
Q

Quantitative limitations

A

-reductionist, reduces the human experience to only a few concepts which are defined prior by researchers instead of the experience

36
Q

Qualitative limitations

A

-human involvement, subjectiveness can cause concerns bout the idiosyncratic nature of the conclusions

37
Q

Characteristics of Qualitative research

A
  • observed data about human behaviour is non-numerical
  • verbal descriptions
  • social practices intensely observed in order to show/understand how participants see the world
38
Q

Purposes of quantitative and qualitative research

A
  1. Identification
  2. Exploration
  3. Explanation
  4. Prediction and control
39
Q

Identification in Qualitative

A
  • description of the dimensions of phenomenon usually little is known about the topic
  • Examples:
    - What is the phenomenon?
    - What is it’s name?
40
Q

Identification in Quantitative

A
  • focuses on the incidence size and measurable attributes of phenomenon
  • usually has already been studied
41
Q

Exploration:

A
  • begins with phenomenon of interest and goes beyond the description. It examines the full nature of the phenomenon
  • Examples:
    - Quantitative: What factors are related to the phenomenon, what are the antecendents of the phenomenon
    - Qualitative: What is the full nature, what is really going on,
42
Q

Explanation in Quantitative

A
  • use prior findings deductively to generate hypothesized explantation
  • Examples:
    - What is the underlying cause of the phenomenon, does the theory explain the phenomenon
43
Q

Explanation in Qualitative

A
  • search for explanations about how or why the phenomenon exists or what the phenomenon means as a basis for developing a theory that is grounded in in-depth experimental evidence
  • Examples:
    • How does the phenomenon work, what does the phenomenon mean
44
Q

Prediction and Control

A
  • research is mainly aimed for this
  • making predictions and controlling phenomenon on the basis of research findings
  • critical to help clinicians to make decision
  • Quantitative Examples:
    - what will happen if we alter a phenomenon or introduce an intervention
45
Q

What is Basic Research

A
  • the purpose is to collect info, enhance the base of knowledge or to formulate and test an existing theory
  • not for immediate solutions
  • for extending knowledge base in a discipline
46
Q

What is applied research

A
  • the purpose is for finding solutions to specific problems or help accomplish tasks
  • emphasis on finding a solution to a specific problem
  • usually descriptive
  • for immediate and practical use
  • affects daily lives
47
Q

Frameworks for research

A
  • facilitates researchers and consumers of the research to understand how a phenomenon came to exist
  • provides discipline-specific cause-and-effect explanation of phenomenon and facilitates researchers throughout the process especially to determine the question to be asked and answered by the project

NURS 341 (11 decks)

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