Mod 1 - Risk Assessment & Management 8/21 Flashcards
Quiz 2
T/F - it’s more important to look at the bloodwork than doing a PE and getting a history.
False - hx & PE can tell you everything you need to know - don’t get caught up in bloodwork!
T/F - all animals should have pre-op bloodwork done.
False - young, healthy animals may not need it - it IS indicated in sicker animals
the American Society of Anesthesiologists grade a patient’s health status from ? to ?.
which are considered healthy?
which are considered sick?
1-5
1 & 2 = healthy
3-5 = sick
What is the ASA status?
- young, healthy 6m Lab for neuter
- HR 120 bpm
- RR panting
- T 101F
- PCV 50%
- TS 6 g/dL
1
as the ASA grade increases, the more likely the animal is going to ?
die from an anesthetic-related cause (NOT because of any diseases it has)
respiratory morbidity due to anesthetic causes is anywhere from ? to ?%
0.5-60%
what are 2 very common respiratory effects of anesthesia that, if not caught early, will cause death?
- apnea
- hypoventilation
what are 3 common cardiovascular effects of anesthesia that, if not caught early, will cause death?
- bradycardia (due to drugs)
- hypotension
- cardiac arrhythmias
you can reduce the risk factors of general anesthesia in cats by monitoring what 2 things?
- pulse
- pulse oximeter
you can reduce the risk factors of general anesthesia in horses by using what 2 things?
- acepromazine
- IV maintenance
what are 5 types of high-risk patients for anesthesia?
- extremes of age
- extremes of weight
- airway/pulmonary challenges
- cardiovascular disease
- cesarean section
young animals are prone to 3 types of “hypo”s. what are they?
- hypothermia
- hypotension
- hypoglycemia
(young/old) animals have a dec. rate of metabolism while (young/old) animals have dec. drug clearance.
old
young
what are 4 risks of an obese patient under general anesthesia?
- inc. potential for resp. compromise, impaired alveolar ventilation
- cardiomegaly/limited cardiac reserve
- slower recoveries
- dosage scaling - estimate the lean body weight and dose to effect
what are 4 risks of a cachexic patient on general anesthesia?
- limited redistribution to tissues (not a lot of fat or muscle)
- lower blood volume
- less protein binding
- poor glucose & thermal homeostasis
what is the ASA status?
- 12yo, cachectic Lab for dental
- HR 120 bpm
- RR panting
- T 101F
- PCV 25%
- TS 3.5 g/dL
- albumin 1.5 g/dL
- murmur L base, systolic, grade 3/6
- other changes associated w/liver dysfunction/disease
3 or 4 (subjective)
what must you remember about brachycephalics when preparing to intubate for general anesthesia? (6)
- stenotic nares
- elongated soft palate
- hypoplastic trachea
- everted laryngeal saccules
- macroglossia
- abundant nasal turbinates
giving 100% O2 for 3-5min before inducing gives you (more/less) time before the animal becomes hypoxic.
more
what must you keep in mind when you are inflating an ETT cuff?
- over-inflation can clamp off the tube (airway obstruction)
- over-inflation can cause tracheal tear
a cat goes under general anesthesia for a dental and wakes up blind. why?
opening the jaw too wide can clamp off the maxillary artery and stop blood flow to the visual cortex of the brain = blindness
a cat swells up after general anesthesia and gets rads done, showing it has SQ emphysema. why?
pathognomonic for a TRACHEAL TEAR
what is the ASA status?
- young, healthy 20w kitten for neuter
- HR 220 bpm
- RR 25 bpm
- T 103F
- loud, grade 5/6 continuous, left base murmur, bounding femoral pulses
- PCV 35%
- TS 5.2 g/dL
3 or 4 (subjective)
what are 4 considerations of anesthetizing a patient for a C-section?
- reduced functional residual capacity (FRC) - more prone to hypoxia
- hyperventilation
- anemia of pregnancy
- fetal viability
T/F - we usually premed a patient for C-sections.
False
