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VM 580 - Vet Surgery & Anesthesia > Mod 1 - Injectable Induction Agents 8/17 > Flashcards

Mod 1 - Injectable Induction Agents 8/17 Flashcards

1
Q

why do we use induction agents?

A

to induce unconsciousness + muscle relaxation + SNS stabilization

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2
Q

what are the 3 ways animals should be maintained after induction of anesthesia?

A
  1. inhalant agents
  2. total IV anesthesia - TIVA (repeated boluses or infusion of injectable agents)
  3. partial IV anesthesia - PIVA (inhalant + injectable infusion)
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3
Q

T/F - there is an injectable induction agent that produces all the components of general anesthesia.

A

False!

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4
Q

what are 3 possible ways induction agents may cause an effect?

A
  1. alter cell membranes
  2. interact with NTM, esp. GABA
  3. act at receptor sites
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5
Q

T/F - the higher the therapeutic ratio number, the safer the drug.

A

True

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6
Q

Therapeutic ration = ? / ?

A

lethal dose50 / effective dose50

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7
Q

Etomidate’s therapeutic ratio is 16. What does this mean?

A

you must give 16x the effective dose to kill a patient

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8
Q

barbiturates are 1 depressants that are dose-dependent. They have an 2 effect but no 3.

A
  1. CNS
  2. anticonvulsant
  3. analgesia
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9
Q

what barbiturate has a duration that is:
1. long (8-10hr)?
2. short (45-90min)?
3. ultrashort (5-20min)? (2)

A
  1. phenobarbital
  2. pentobarbital
  3. thiopental, thiamylal
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10
Q

T/F - thiopental is available for use in the US.

A

false

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11
Q

how are barbiturate effects terminated? (3)

A
  1. physical redistribution away from CNS
  2. hepatic metabolism
  3. renal excretion
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12
Q

what receptor does propofol act on?

A

GABA-A

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13
Q

T/F - if you accidentally inject some propofol outside of the vein into the surrounding tissue, it will cause tissue damage.

A

False - thiopental will, NOT propofol

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14
Q

T/F - propofol rapidly crosses the BBB and placenta.

A

true

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15
Q

propofol undergoes rapid biotransformation in the 1. Glucuronide conjugation of propofol turns it into inactive metabolites that are excreted mostly by the 2. Propofol also undergoes 3 metabolism (in the 4).

A
  1. liver
  2. kidneys
  3. extra-hepatic
  4. lungs
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16
Q

T/F - it’s okay to give cats propofol consecutively over a few days.

A

False - they don’t have UGP-glucuronosyltransferase

17
Q

T/F - administrating propofol over 30-60 secs will help reduce side effects, and its onset of action occurs within 1min.

A

true

18
Q

what is the main side effect of propofol?

A

apnea - very predictable & repeatable!

19
Q

T/F - propofol does not provide analgesia.

A

True

20
Q

what type of anesthetic is alfaxalone?

A

neurosteroid anesthesic

21
Q

alfaxalone binds to the 1 receptor in the 2.

A
  1. GABA-A
  2. CNS
22
Q

what is dissociative anesthesia?

A

interruption of ascending transmission from the unconscious to the conscious parts of the brain

23
Q

what state does dissociative anesthesia put the patient in?

A

cataleptoid - you put the patient in a position and they stay that way

24
Q

ketamine can be given in what 2 routes?

A

IM or IV

25
Q

T/F - ketamine has good analgesia effects. when given at low doses at a CRI, these analgesia effects improve.

A

true

26
Q

what is a common side effect that ketamine produces, esp. if used alone?

A

muscle rigidity

27
Q

what is ketamine?

what is the MOA of ketamine? (3)

A

non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist

  • prevents central sensitization in dorsal horn neurons
  • thalamoneocortical system depressed
  • limbic system activated
28
Q

ketamine has a ? effect, which prevents the reuptake of endogenous catecholamines.

A

sympathomimetic

29
Q

etomidate seems like the perfect drug - there is no depression of the 1 or 2 systems. however, a single dose results in 3 suppression for at least 24hrs and there is poor induction without appropriate 4.

A
  1. cardiovascular
  2. respiratory
  3. adrenal
  4. sedation
30
Q

what is neuroleptanalgesia?

A

a combo effect of a tranquilizer and an opioid
- usu. benzodiazepine + hydromorphone (or fentanyl or methadone)

31
Q

MSU uses co-induction agents. why? (3)

A
  1. prolongs and potentiates anesthesia
  2. muscle relaxation
  3. poor sedation if single drug in healthy animals

VM 580 - Vet Surgery & Anesthesia (11 decks)

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