MOD 1 PHARMACEUTICS Flashcards
Study that concern itself with the physical, chemical and biological factors which influenced the formulation, manufacture, stability and effectiveness of pharmaceutical dosage forms
PHARMACEUTICS
an AGENT intended for use in diagnosis, mitigation, treatment, cure and prevention of disease in man or animal
DRUG
Are dosage forms in which drugs are PREPARED BY THE PHARMACISTS for administration in the treatment of disease
This may be done extemporaneously compounded or manufactured for immediate distribution
PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS
DOSAGE FORMS are also known as
PHARMACEUTICALS
It is prepared by adding an ACTIVE ingredient and a NON-THERAPEUTIC ingredient usually called as excipients which comprises a vehicle or formulation matrix
DOSAGE FORMS / PHARMACEUTICALS
active ingredients are also known as
active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), therapeutic ingredients, or Pharmacologically active
non-therapeutic ingredients are also known as
INERT / INACTIVE ING.
inactive ingredients are usually called as
EXCIPIENTS
Means the production, preparation, propagation, conversion, or processing of a drug or device, either directly of indirectly, by extraction from substances of natural origin or independently by means of chemical or biological synthesis
MANUFACTURING
The PREPARATION OF COMPONENTS into a drug product;
(1) As the result of a practitioner’s prescription drug order based on the practitioner/patient/pharmacist relationship in the course of professional practice, or
(2) For the purpose of, or as an incident to, research, teaching, or chemical analysis and not for sale or dispensing
COMPOUNDING
(according to what)
Compounding is the preparation, mixing, assembling, altering, packaging and labeling of a drug, drug delivery device, or device in accordance with a licensed practitioner’s prescription, medication order, or initiative based on the practitioner-patient-pharmacist-compounder relationship in the course of professional Practice
UNITED STATES OF PHARMACOPEIA (USP CHAP 795)
is the preparation, mixing, assembling, altering, packaging and labeling of a drug, drug delivery device, or device in accordance with a licensed practitioner’s prescription, medication order, or initiative based on the practitioner-patient-pharmacist-compounder relationship in the course of professional Practice
COMPOUNDING
Pharmacists may compound, in reasonable quantities, drug preparations that are commercially available in the marketplace if a _______________ relationship exists and a valid prescription is presented
PHARMACIST-PATIENT-PRESCRIBER
Pharmacists may compound, in reasonable quantities, drug preparations that are commercially available in the marketplace if a pharmacist–patient–prescriber relationship exists and a _________ is presented
VALID PRESCRIPTION
Pharmacists may compound nonprescription medications in commercially available dosage forms or in alternative dosage forms to accommodate patient needs as allowed by ______________ of pharmacy.
INDIVIDUAL STATE BOARDS
Pharmacists may compound _________ medications in commercially available dosage forms or in alternative dosage forms to accommodate patient needs as allowed by individual state boards of pharmacy.
NONPRESCRIPTION
Pharmacists should NOT OFFER compounded medications to _________ for resale
OTHER PHARMACIES
a practitioner may obtain compounded medication to administer to patients, but it should be labeled with:
(6)
For office use only
date compounded
use-by date
name
strength
quantity of active ingredients
Compounding pharmacies and pharmacists may _____ or otherwise ________ the fact that they provide prescription compounding services
advertise / promot
REASONS why pharmacists have increased the practice of compounding patient-specific medications:
Many patients need drug dosages or strengths that are ______________
NOT COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE
REASONS why pharmacists have increased the practice of compounding patient-specific medications:
Many patients are ______ to excipients in commercially available products
ALLERGIC
REASONS why pharmacists have increased the practice of compounding patient-specific medications:
__________ must be prepared as liquids, flavored to enhance compliance, and prepared in alternative dosage forms, such as lozenges, gumdrops, popsicles, and lollipops.
CHILDREN’S MEDICATIONS
REASONS why pharmacists have increased the practice of compounding patient-specific medications:
Some medications are not very _____ and require preparation and dispensing EVERY FEW DAYS; they are NOT SUITABLE TO BE MANUFACTURED products.
STABLE
REASONS why pharmacists have increased the practice of compounding patient-specific medications:
Many physicians desire to deliver products in ________ ways, and pharmacists can work with them to solve medication problems
INNOVATIVE
REASONS why pharmacists have increased the practice of compounding patient-specific medications:
Most products are not available for _________ patients and must be compounded.
VETERINARY
REASONS why pharmacists have increased the practice of compounding patient-specific medications:
_________ has resulted in new approaches to pain management and higher concentrations and combinations of drugs that are now used
HOSPICE CARE
REASONS why pharmacists have increased the practice of compounding patient-specific medications:
Many drugs are reported in the literature but are _____________, so pharmacists can compound them for their physicians’ and patients’ use
NOT YET MANUFACTURED
Devised to make possible the administration of medication in measured prescribed amount
DOSAGE FORMS / PHARMACEUTICS
Steps in Compounding
- Calculation
- Prepare/Weigh/Measure ingredients
- Prepare the label/Select appropriate container
- Compounding
- Packaging/Labeling
- Submit worksheet and the product
device that HOLDS A DRUG and is or may be, IN DIRECT CONTACT with the drug
CONTAINERS
in direct contact with the drug AT ALL TIMES; e.g. closure
IMMEDIATE CONTAINER
Types of container According to Their Ability to Protect their Contents from External Conditions
Well-closed
Tightly-closed
Hermetic container
Light-resistant
Child-resistant
Tamper-proof container
Types of container According to Content or Capacity
Single Dose
Multiple Doses
