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DOSAGE FORMS LAB > M3: SEMI SOLID > Flashcards

M3: SEMI SOLID Flashcards

1
Q
  • Semi-solid preparations intended for external application to the skin or mucous membranes.
  • Applied to the skin with or without inuctions (rubbing)
  • greasy base; often anhydrous bases
  • immiscible with skin secretions
A

OINTMENT

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2
Q

OINTMENT is also called as

A

SALVE, CHRISMA or UNGUENTUM

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3
Q

TYPES OF OINTMENT

treatment of cutaneous infection

A

medicated

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4
Q

TYPES OF OINTMENT

bases

A

non medicated

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5
Q
  • mixture of waxes (solid and hard at room temperature),
  • fats (semi-solid, soft at room temperature)
  • oils (liquid at room temperature)
A

OINTMENT BASES

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6
Q
  • “oily”
  • Emollient effect and effective as occlusive dressings.
  • Remain on the skin for long periods without drying out and difficult to wash off
  • highly occlusive due to immiscibility with water (due to oily nature)
  • for moisturization of dry skin
  • Examples: Petrolatum, White Petrolatum, Yellow Ointment, White Ointment
A

HYDROCARBON BASES

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7
Q

HYDROCARBON BASES

When powdered substances are to be incorporated into hydrocarbon bases, ____ may be used as levigating agent

A

LIQUID PETROLATUM (MINERAL OIL)

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8
Q

HYDROCARBON BASES

When powdered substances are to be incorporated into hydrocarbon bases, liquid petrolatum (mineral oil) may be used as ____

A

LEVIGATING AGENT

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9
Q
  • May be used as emollients, although they do not provide the degree of occlusion afforded by the oleaginous bases.
  • Not easily removed from the skin with water washing, because the external phase of the emulsion is oleaginous.
  • Useful as pharmaceutical adjuncts
  • oleaginous base but absorb small amounts of water
  • moderate to high occlusiveness
  • Permit the incorporation of aqueous solutions resulting in the formation of water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion
  • Examples: Hydrophilic Petrolatum, Anhydrous Lanolin
A

ABSORPTION BASES

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10
Q
  • Known as “water-washable bases”
  • Removed easily from skin or clothing.
  • May be diluted with water or aqueous solutions and can absorb serous discharges
  • non-greasy
  • forms O/W emulsions
  • low to moderate osslusiveness
  • Example: Hydrophilic Ointment
A

WATER-REMOVABLE BASES

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11
Q
  • Also known as “greaseless bases”
  • It doesn’t contain oleaginous components
  • complete absence of oil; complete water solubility
  • water-soluble constituents
  • non-greasy
  • moisture retention is not priority
  • minimal occlusiveness
  • Example: Polyethylene Glycol Ointment
A

WATER SOLUBLE BASES

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12
Q

Methods of Preparation

  • With the aid of heat
  • heat-labile (sensitive)
  • Components are combined by melting together and cooled with constant stirring until congealed.
  • The material with the highest melting point are heated to the lowest required temperature to produce a melt.
  • Additional materials are added with constant stirring during cooling of the melt until the mixture is congealed.
  • Do not accelerate the cooling process by putting the melt in water or ice. This will change the consistency of the final product making it more stiff than desired.

Ex. Zinc ointment, Coal Tar Ointment, Anthralin Ointment

A

FUSION

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13
Q

bases used at fusion method liquefies at what temperature

A

70%

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14
Q

METHODS OF PREPARATION

  • Without the aid of heat
  • The components are mixed until a uniform preparation is attained.
  • For Soluble solids: Soluble solids should be added to the molten fatty bases at the lowest possible temperature and the mixture stirred until cold. Alternatively, if using a pre-prepared base, soluble solids may be incorporated using the method employed for insoluble solids.
  • For Insoluble solids: Insoluble solids should be incorporated using an ointment tile and spatula. If there is more than one powder to be added these should be mixed in a mortar using the ‘doubling-up’ method
A

MECHANICAL INCORPORATION

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15
Q

MECHANICAL INCORPORATION

____ solids should be added to the** molten fatty bases** at the lowest possible temperature and the mixture stirred until cold.

A

SOLID

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16
Q

MECHANICAL INCORPORATION

Soluble solids should be added to the ____ at the lowest possible temperature and the mixture stirred until cold.

A

MOLTEN FATTY BASES

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17
Q

MECHANICAL INCORPORATION

Soluble solids should be added to the molten fatty bases at the ____ possible temperature and the mixture stirred until cold.

A

LOWEST

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18
Q

MECHANICAL INCORPORATION

if using a ____ base, soluble solids may be incorporated using the method employed for insoluble solids

A

PRE-PREPARED BASE

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19
Q

MECHANICAL INCORPORATION

if using a pre-prepared base, soluble solids may be incorporated using the method employed for ____

A

INSOLUBLE SOLIDS

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20
Q

MECHANICAL INCORPORATION

____ solids should be incorporated using an ointment tile and spatula

A

INSOLUBLE

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21
Q

MECHANICAL INCORPORATION

Insoluble solids should be incorporated using an ____ and ____

A

OINTMENT TILE & SPATULA

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22
Q

MECHANICAL INCORPORATION

If there is ____ powder to be added these should be mixed in a mortar using the ‘doubling-up’ method.

A

MORE THAN ONE

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23
Q

MECHANICAL INCORPORATION

If there is more than one powder to be added these should be mixed in a ____ using the ‘doubling-up’ method.

A

MORTAR

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24
Q

MECHANICAL INCORPORATION

If there is more than one powder to be added these should be mixed in a mortar using the ____ method.

A

DOUBLING UP

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25
Q
  • similar concept with geometric dilution
  • Add the ingredient present in the lowest bulk to the mortar
  • Add the second ingredient in approximately the same amount that is present in the mortar, therefore doubling-up the bulk already in the mortar
  • Mix lightly since undue pressure may cause caking
  • The bottom of the mortar can be loosened by scraping the sides of the powder using a large flexible spatula
  • At each addition, add a quantity that approximately doubles the bulk in the mortar
A

DOUBLE UP

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26
Q

WHITEFIELD’S OINTMENT

synonym

A

Benzoic acid and salicylic acid ointment

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27
Q

WHITEFIELD’S OINTMENT

Latin name

A

Unguentum acidi benzoico et salicyli

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28
Q

WHITEFIELD’S OINTMENT

USE/S

A

Keratolytic, fungicide

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29
Q

WHITEFIELD’S OINTMENT

Method of preparation

A

mechanical incorporation

30
Q

WHITEFIELD’S OINTMENT

Benzoic acid

A

ACTIVE INGREDIENT

FUNGICIDE

31
Q

WHITEFIELD’S OINTMENT

Salicylic acid

A

ACTIVE INGREDIENT

KERATOLYTIC

32
Q

WHITEFIELD’S OINTMENT

Fungicide
can also function as a preservative

A

Benzoic acid

33
Q

WHITEFIELD’S OINTMENT

Keratolytic

A

Salicylic acid

34
Q

increased peeling of dead skin cells

A

keratolytic

35
Q

WHITEFIELD’S OINTMENT

Wool fat / Anhydrous lanolin

A

ointment base

36
Q

anhydrous lanolin is also called

37
Q

WHITEFIELD’S OINTMENT

White petrolatum

A

ointment base

38
Q

SIMPLE OINTMENT

synonyms

A

ointment USP XI

39
Q

SIMPLE OINTMENT

latin name/s

A

urguentum album
urguentum simplex

40
Q

SIMPLE OINTMENT

method of preparation

A

fusion method

41
Q

SIMPLE OINTMENT

white wax

A

stiffening agent

42
Q

SIMPLE OINTMENT

petrolatum

A

ointment base

43
Q
  • Are semisolid preparations containing one or more medicinal agents dissolved or dispersed in either the** o/w** emulsion or in another type of water-washable base
  • Commonly used in topical skin products and in products used rectally and vaginally
  • Preferred over ointments because they are easier to spread and remove
44
Q

TYPES OF CREAMS

  • External phase is water
  • Produced by synthetic waxes
  • Macrogol and Cetomacrogol
  • Rapid absorption and penetration of drugs.
  • Thin, white and smooth in consistency.
A

OIL IN WATER

45
Q

TYPES OF CREAMS

  • Foundation cream
  • hand cream
  • vanishing cream
  • shaving cream
A

OIL IN WATER

46
Q

TYPES OF CREAMS

  • External phase is oil
  • Produced by emulsifying agent of natural origin
  • Beeswax, Wool alcohol, Wool fat
  • Good emollient property
  • Creamy, white or translucent and rather stiff.
A

WATER IN OIL

47
Q

TYPES OF CREAMS

  • Cold cream
  • emollient cream
A

WATER IN OIL

48
Q

COLD CREAM

synonym

A

petrolatum rose water ointment

49
Q

COLD CREAM

Latin name

A

urguentum aquae rosal petrolatum

50
Q

COLD CREAM

method of preparation

51
Q

COLD CREAM

Use/s

A

emollient, cleansing cream

52
Q

COLD CREAM

mineral oil

A

active ingredient
emollient

53
Q

COLD CREAM

white wax

A

stiffening agent

54
Q

COLD CREAM

glycerin

55
Q

COLD CREAM

sodium borate

A

emulsifying agent

56
Q

COLD CREAM

purified water

57
Q

COLD CREAM

rose oil

58
Q
  • Ointment-like preparations which are usually stiffer, less greasy and more absorptive than ointments
  • Absorb serous secretions and are preferred for acute lesions
  • Not suited for application to hairy parts of the body.
  • should not contain corrosive ingredients like dithranol, coal tar or salicylic acid
  • also useful for absorbing harmful chemicals, such as the ammonia that is released by bacterial action on urine, and so are often used in nappy products.
  • Also because of their high powder content, they are often used to absorb wound exudates.
  • Because these are so thick, they can form an unbroken layer over the skin which is opaque and can act as a sun filter.
  • This makes them suitable for use by skiers as they prevent excessive dehydration of the skin (wind burn) in addition to sun blocking.
  • The principal use traditionally was as an antiseptic, protective or soothing dressing.
  • Often before application was applied to lint and applied as a dressing
59
Q

PASTES

Absorb ____ and are preferred for acute lesions

A

serous secretions

60
Q

PASTES

Absorb serous secretions and are preferred for ____

A

ACUTE LESIONS

61
Q

PASTES

Not suited for application to ____ parts of the body

62
Q

PASTES

are often used in ____ products

63
Q

PASTES

because of their high powder content, they are often used to absorb ____

A

WOUND EXUDATES

64
Q

ZINC OXIDE PASTE

synonym

A

Lassar’s plain zinc paste

65
Q

ZINC OXIDE PASTE

Latin name

A

pasta zinci oxide

66
Q

ZINC OXIDE PASTE

method of preparation

A

incorporation

67
Q

ZINC OXIDE PASTE

zinc oxide

A

active ingredient

68
Q

ZINC OXIDE PASTE

starch

A

stiffening agent

69
Q

ZINC OXIDE PASTE

white petrolatum

70
Q
  • Prefer by patient
  • less sticky
  • Easy to spread and remove
  • treating oozing or “wet” skin conditions.
  • covering large areas of skin.
71
Q
  • best used on dry skin.
  • ‘occlusive,’ which means they trap moisture and are not well absorbed into the skin.
  • keep the skin moist for longer periods of time.
  • promote more complete absorption of the active ingredient or medication.
72
Q
  • Thick and stiff
  • Less greasy
  • More absorptive
  • Applied with spatula
  • Protective coating

DOSAGE FORMS LAB (6 decks)

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