mocks - changing economic world Flashcards
what is gross domestic product per capita?
total value of goods and services produced in a country per person per year
what is gross national income per capita?
average of gross national income per person per year in us dollars
what is infant mortality?
the number of children who die before reaching one per one thousand babies born
what is literacy rate?
the percentage of people over the age of 15 who can read and write
what is life expectancy?
the average lifespan of someone born in the country
what is human development index?
mixed indicator that uses life expectancy, education level and income per person
describe the demographic transition model
stage 1 - high death rate, high birth rate e.g. tribes
stage 2 - declining death rate, birth rate remains high due to lag time e.g. LICs such as kenya
stage 3 - birth rate rapidly falls, death rate continues to fall e.g. NEEs such as india
stage 4 - low birth rate, low death rate, high life expectancy e.g. HICs such as UK
stage 5 - natural decrease, very low birth rate + death rate e.g. HICs such as japan
causes of uneven development
- corruption in government
- landlocked countries may be at a disadvantage for trade
- natural hazards + disasters; frequent hazards undermine development
- extreme climate
- conflict
- reliance on food crops
- poor healthcare - people get sick and cannot work
what is a microfinance loan?
people in LICs receiving small loans from banks
enables people to build business
doesn’t reduce poverty at a large scale
what is debt relief?
country’s debt is cancelled or interest is reduced
more money can be spent on development
could have some conditions from other countries
what is aid?
given by one country to another as money or resources
improves literacy rates, buildings etc
can be wasted by corrupt governments or country could become too reliant on aid
what is fair trade?
movement where farmers get a fair price for the goods produced
enables development and allows farmers to have a better quality of life
but only a tiny proportion of the extra money reaches the producers
