MOCK Exams Flashcards
What is the name of a ligament that supports the spine?
Posterior longitudinal ligament
What is a function of pulmonary circulation?
to carry de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
What is meant by cardiac output?
the amount of blood pumped from the heart in one minute
Where are the biceps brachii muscles located
in the upper arm
what is one of the key functions of the core muscles
to stabilise the spine
give an example of a global (superficial) muscle that supports posture
erector spinae
what is most likely to cause delayed onset muscle sorness
activities that include an eccentric contraction
what is an eccentric contraction
it is the lowering i.e. lengthening phase of an exercise as in for example slowly lowering the arm in a bicep curl
what is an concentric contraction?
It is the lifting i.e. shortening phase of an exercise as in for example curling the arm up in a bicep curl
What is one of the key functions of the pelvic floor muscles?
support of the internal organs, such as bladder and bowel
Which muscle crosses the elbow joint?
triceps brachii
What must happen to start a muscle contraction?
stimulation of the muscle by a motor neuron impulse
what may occur as a result of poor posture?
poor lung function
which hormone controls calcium levels within the blood?
parathyroid hormone
which muscle covers the posterior of the neck and shoulders
trapezius
what can cause the postural deviation hyper-lordosis?
imbalance of hip flexors and trunk muscles
which gland releases melatonin to assist sleep
pineal gland
which type of “strands” are golgi tendon organs made of?
colagen strands
which muscle crosses both the hip and knee joint?
sartorius
Where is the sartorius (superficial) muscle and what role does it play?
it runs down the entire length of the thigh and plays a role in flexing the knee and hip
what is the role of the autonomic nervous system?
unconcious control of body functions such as heart rate and digestion
what is the name of the system comprised of hormone-producing glands
endocrine system
What is thickening and hardening of the artery walls known as?
arteriosclerosis
what organisation is the professional association and trade union for UK dieticians
the british dietetic association
what is the name of the process of converting muscle protein to glucose?
gluconeogenesis
what is the calorific value of fat?
9 K cal/g
which food contains complex carbohydrate?
potatoes
what is one of the functions of the thoracolumbar facia (TLF) ?
stabilisation of the spine
which hormone regulates metabolism of all cells and tissues in the body?
thyroxin
name a pelvic floor muscle
coccygeus
the threshold response of each particular nerve cell and muscle fibe to a stimulus is known as?
the all or nothing response
which muscle crosses the knee joint?
rectus femoris
Which causes the birth defect achondroplasia?
the bone tissue of the leg and arm do not grow properly
name a primary core muscle
transverse abdominis
which joint does the supraspinatus muscle cross
shoulder
Which muscle in the leg is the longest in the human body? and shere is it found?
sartorius found in the thigh
what is the function of pulmonary circulation?
to carry de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
which local (deep) muscle supports the posture?
transverse abdominis
what is the a role of the brain?
interpretation of messages
what is the system comprising hormone producing glands?
endocrine system
what contains simple carbohydrate?
fruits
what is the calorific value of protein?
4 K cal/g
what organisation is the “voluntary” regulator for nutritionists and nutrition scientists in the UK?
The Association for Nutrition
on a packaged food label how are ingredients listed?
decreasing order of weight
the function of a golgi tendon organ is to do what?
sense changes in muscle tension
what disease of the arteries is characterised by fatty material being deposited on their inner walls?
athrosclerosis
within the endocrine system which gland is the “MASTER” gland?
pituatry gland
what must happen to start a muscle contraction?
stimulation of the muscle by a motor neuron impluse
what type of activity is less likely to use fat as an energy source due to the lack of oxygen present?
sprinting
what is the role of proprioceptors in a muscle?
sensory feedback about joint angles, force of muscle and body movement. Important for the sequence in which muscles contract to prevent wanted or unwanted contraction of muscles.
Proprioceptors are involved in a muscle contraction. Name two and where are they located?
- Muscle spindles
Located deep in the centre of the muscles
and - Golgi tendon organs located in the tendon
what does feedback from the structures i.e mucle spindles and golgi tendon organs do?
allows the body to contract or relax muscles to adjust posture and core stability thus prevent injury
