Mock Exam Flashcards
Complete the following sentence: Solutions of equal solute concentration are called…
isotonic.
Which of the following intracellular structures is part of the cytoskeleton of a human cell?
Microtubules
Explain all the anatomical terms.
Superior
Proximal
Distal
Medial
Posterior
Inferior
Latera
Superior = Above (Chest)
Proximal = Above (Knee)
Distal = Below (Knee)
Medial = Coming from the right side to the middle
Posterior = Behind
Anterior = In front of
Inferior = Below (Chest)
Latera = Coming away from the middle to the left side
Complete the following sentence: A eukaryotic cell is a cell…
with a nucleus
Which organelle determines a bacterial Gram stain?
Cell wall
What term describes the relationship of one organism living in close association with another, such that one organism benefits without harming the other?
Commensal
Complete the following sentence: The chemical digestion of proteins starts in the…
stomach
What organ produces bile?
Liver
Complete the following sentence: Salivary amylase secreted into the oral cavity starts the digestion of…
starch
Which of the following enzymes digests dietary fat?
Lipase
Which organ of the digestive system produces hydrochloric acid (HCl)?
Stomach
What structure allows pressure in the middle ear to be equalised with atmospheric pressure?
Eustachian (auditory) tube
Complete the following sentence: Malleus, incus and stapes are small bones in the…
middle ear
Complete the following sentence: The rods and cones are located in the…
retina
Complete the following sentence: The spaces anterior to the lens are filled with…
aqueous humor
Complete the following sentence: Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as…
bicarbonate ions
Complete the following sentence: Gas exchange in the lungs occurs across the respiratory membrane by the process of…
diffusion
What term best describes a reduced level of oxygen in the tissues?
Hypoxia
What structure in the respiratory system is commonly called the Adam’s apple?
Thyroid cartilage
What receptor would detect a change in pH?
Chemoreceptors
What term describes a reduction on the pH of blood to 7.2?
Acidosis
What area of the brain sets the basic rhythm of breathing?
Medulla oblongata
What occurs during inhalation at rest?
Contraction of the diaphragm
What artery is in the arm?
Brachial
What artery conveys blood to the brain?
Carotid
What term best describes a blue colouration of the skin and mucous membranes?
Cyanosis
Complete the following sentence: The serous membrane covering the inner surface of the heart is the…
endocardium
Complete the following sentence: Erythrocytes are formed from stem cells in the …
bone marrow
What does an ECG measure?
Electrical activity within the heart
What term best describes a rapid pulse?
Tachycardia
What has the most effect on peripheral resistance?
Blood vessel diameter
What bone forms part of the axial skeleton?
Sacrum
Complete the following sentence: The shaft of a long bone is called the…
diaphysis
Which bone protects the brain?
Cranium
What molecule is a pigmented protein in skeletal muscle fibres that stores oxygen?
Myoglobin
Complete the following sentence: The hip (coxal) joint is a ball and socket joint between the bones of the pelvis and the…
femur
Complete the following sentence: A drug prescribed to manage pain is called an …
analgesic
Complete the following sentence: Most drug elimination occurs via the…
urine
A doctor in the Emergency Department prescribes erythromycin (antibiotic medication) for a severe infection. Which of the following would be the best route of administration for a rapid response?
Intravenous
Complete the following sentence: Absorption of an oral drug usually refers to the…
movement of the drug from the gut to the blood
Complete the following sentence: Liver cells are referred to as…
hepatocytes
What term best describes the study of drug administration, distribution, metabolism and elimination?
Pharmacokinetics
Complete the following sentence: Applying cream to an area of itchy skin is an example of…
topical administration
Complete the following sentence: The outermost layer of the skin is called the…
epidermis
Complete the following sentence: The waterproofing protein in the epidermis is…
keratin
Complete the following sentence: The sebaceous glands in the skin produce…
oil
Complete the following sentence: Skin colour differences among individuals are mainly the result of…
different levels of melanin
Which medical speciality deals with the diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders?
Dermatology
The ovaries secrete which of the following hormones?
Oestrogen
Which of the following endocrine glands produces insulin?
Pancreas
Complete the following sentence: Antidiuretic hormone is secreted from the…
posterior pituitary gland
Complete the following sentence: Calcium homeostasis is controlled by…
parathyroid hormone
What hormone helps conserve water during dehydration?
Aldosterone
Complete the following sentence: The main target for antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is the…
kidney
Complete the following sentence: Lipid-soluble hormones are…
able to cross the cell membrane and interact with intracellular receptors to evoke changes in gene expression
