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1017 Biosciences > Introduction to the human body > Flashcards

Introduction to the human body Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomy?

A

Anatomy is the science of body structures and the relationships among them.

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2
Q

What is physiology?

A

Physiology is the science of body functions.

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3
Q

Which are the levels of the organism?

Starting with the chemical level

A
  1. Chemical level
  2. Celluar level
  3. Tissue Level
  4. Organ level
  5. System level
  6. Organism level
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4
Q

Give examples of the levels of an organism

A
  1. Chemical level = atoms into Molecules such as C, H,O, N, P into DNA.
  2. Cellular level = Smooth muscle cell
  3. Tissue level = Smooth muscle tissue
  4. Organ level = Stomach
  5. System Level = Digestive System
  6. Organism level = Human
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5
Q

What are the definitions of Atoms and Molecules?

A

Atoms = the smallest units of matter that participate in chemical reactions.

Molecules = Two or more atoms joined together.

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6
Q

Definition of tissue?

A

Tissue are a group of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function.

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7
Q

Definition of an organ?

A

Organs are composed of 2 or more different types of tissues and performs a specific function

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7
Q

Defintion of Homeostasis

A

Homeostasis is the maintance of relatively stable conditions. Ensuring the body’s internal conditions remain the same despite changes inside and outside the body.

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7
Q

What is interstital fluid?

A

Interstital fluid consists of the fluid surrounding body cells.

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7
Q

What is a negative feedback system?

A

A negative feedback system reverses a change in a controlled condition. E.g Regulation in blood pressure.

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7
Q

What is a positive feedback system?

A

Unlike the negative feedback system, a positive feedback system tends to reinforce a change in the body’s controlled changes. E.g during childbirth causes the release of oxytocin, which stimulates stronger contractions of the uterus, causing more oxytocin release

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7
Q

1,2, 4, 5

Name the positions of the body.
A

1 = Superior

2 = Lateral

4 = Medial

5 = Inferior

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8
Q

1, 2, 3, 4

Name the positions in the body
A

1 = Anterior

2 = Posterior

3 = Proximal

4 = Distal

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9
Q

Top of shoulders =

1 =

2 =

3 =

4=

5=

A

Top of shoulders = Clavicles

1 = Midclavicular lines

2 =Right hypochondriac region

3 = Epigastic region

4= Left hypochondriac region

5= Right lumbar region

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10
Q

6 =

7 =

8 =

9 =

10 =

A

6 = Umbillical Region

7 = Left lumbar region

8 = Right inguinal region

9 = Hypogastric region

10 = Left inguinal region

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11
Q

What are these cavities?

1 =

2 =

3 =

4 =

5 =

A

1 = Cranial Cavity

2 = Vertebral Canal

3 = Thoracic Cavity

4 = Abdominal Cavity

5 = Pelvic Cavity

12
Q

What is the purpose of the Cranial Cavity?

A

Formed by cranial bones and contains the brain

13
Q

What is the purpose of the Vertebral Canal?

A

It is formed by the Vertebral column and contains the spinal cord and the beginnings of spinal nerves.

14
Q

What is the purpose of the Thoracic Cavity?

A

Chest cavity containing the pleural and pericardial cavity and mediastinum

15
Q

What is the purpose of the Abdominal Cavity?

A

It contains the stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of the large intestine; the serous membrane of the abdominal cavity is the peritoneum.

16
Q

What is the purpose of the Pelvic Cavity?

A

Contains the urinary bladder, portions of the large intestine and internal organs of reproduction.

17
Q

What is the purpose of the pleural cavity in the Thoracic cavity?

A

Each surrounds a lung; the serous membrane of each pleural cavity is the pleura.

18
Q

What is the purpose of the pericardial cavity in the Thoracic cavity?

A

Surrounds the heart; the serous membrane of the pericardial cavity is the pericardium.

19
Q

What is the purpose of the mediastinum in the Thoracic cavity?

A

it contains the heart, thymus, oesophagus, trachea and several large blood vessels.

20
Q

How is temperature regulated?

A

If our temperature is too low, the hypothalamus makes sure that the body generates and maintains heat. By shivering or piloerection.

If it is too high, perspiration. As the water in the sweat evaporates, the surface of the skin cools.

21
Q

How is blood pressure regulated?

A

Baroreceptors regulate blood pressure. Control centre = Hypothalamus

Hypotension (low BP) = Heart rate increases

Hypertension (High BP) = Heart rate decreases

22
Q

How is fluid balance regulated?

A

Osmoregulators send negative feedback to the hypothalamus about the water concentration in the bloodstream. The hypothalamus then stimulates the pituitary glands to secrete high or low concentrations of anti-diuretic hormone.

Low water = ADH goes to the kidneys, signalling to conserve water and produce more concentrated urine.

1017 Biosciences (24 decks)

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