Mock 5 Flashcards
What are RFs for atopic eczema
- Certain food allergens
- FHx
- FHx of asthma
- PMHx asthma
What type of mass would be seen in a baby presenting with pyloric stenosis ?
- A palpable olive-sized pyloric mass
DDs of distended abdomen in babies
- Hirschsprung disease, Intestinal atresia, necrotising enterocolitis, appendicitis, intussusception, organomegaly, ascites, constipation and masses.
Genotype in Turner’s Syndrome
- 45XO
Mutation associated with Patau’s syndrome
- Trisomy 13
What is a varicocele ?
- A scrotal swelling which occurs due to dilated testicular vein
- Usually asymptomatic
- Usually occurs around puberty and in the left testical
Cerebral palsy RF ?
- Birth complications
- Maternal infection
- Maternal thyroid dysfunction
- Prematurity
Causes of Jaundice in the first 14 days
- Polycythemia
- Neonatal infection
- Physiological response
- Rhesus incompatibility
Management of a child in DKA
- IV fluid replacement
- IV insulin infusion
- Potassium
- Oral fluid replacement
- (Do not give sodium bicarbonate)
Why is it important to give potassium when treating DKA ?
- Insulin drives K+ into cells and therefore can cause hypokalemia
- Therefore all fluids should contain 40mmol/L of K+
Common side effects of topical steroids
- Acne
- Striae
- Telangiectasia
- Thinning of the skin
Features of systemic onset JIA
- Pyrexia
- Salmon-pink rash
- Lymphadenopathy
- Arthritis
- Uveitis
- Anorexia and weight loss
Important people to contact if you suspect JIA ?
- Ophthalmology
- Due to high risk of anterior uveitis (which can lead to blindness)
Croup cause
- Parainfluenza
Croup initial management
- Oral dexamethasone
Croup management if they don’t respond to oral dexamethasone
- Oxygen
- Nebulized adrenaline
Indications hospitalization for bronchiolitis
- Cyanosis
- Fluid intake < 50%
- Nasal flaring
- RR > 70
- SpO2 < 92%
What would you see on duodenal biopsy to confirm diagnosis of Coeliac disease
- Normal thickness mucosa
- Classically shows intraepithelial lymphocytes
- Villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia
Causes of failure to thrive
- Inadequate intake e.g. poverty, maternal depression or feeding issues
- Inadequate retention e.g. Vomiting or severe GORD
- Malabsorption e.g. Coeliac disease
- Increased requirements e.g. Congenital heart failure
Suicide RFs
- Male in 40’s
- Hx of childhood abuse
- Psychiatric illness
- Unemployed
- Isolated/recent bereavement/family breakdown
Features of alcohol dependence
- Narrowing of repertoire
- Primacy
- Increased tolerance
- Withdrawal symptoms or avoidance of symptoms by further drinking
- Reinstatement after abstinence
How does acamprosate work ?
- Enhances GABA transmission
How does disulfiram work ?
- Causes build-up of acetaldehyde on consumption of alcohol causing unpleasant symptoms such as flushing, headache and anxiety
How does naltrexone work ?
- Opioid antagonist to reduce the pleasurable effect of alcohol
Indications for ECT
- Severe depression refractory to medication
- Catatonia
- Those with psychotic symptoms
Possible causes of anxiety other than GAD
- Hyperthyroidism
- Cardiac disease
- Drug induced: salbutamol, theophylline, GS, SSRI and caffeine
What is GAD ?
- A syndrome of ongoing, uncontrollable widespread work about many events or thoughts that the patient recognised as excessive and inappropriate
Poor prognostic factors for schizophrenia
- Gradual onset
- Low premorbid IQ
- Premorbid social withdrawal
- No previous precipitant
Substances which can induce psychosis ?
- Alcohol, cocaine, amphetamine, MDMA, cannabis, LSD and ketamine
- Anti-malarial medication
- Bromocriptine
- Levodopa
- Metoclopramide
- Steroids
Features of Delirium
- Acute onset and fluctuating course
- Inattention
- Disorganized thinking
- Alteration in consciousness
Medications not safe during breastfeeding
Aspirin
Codeine
Lithium
Naproxen
