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Med School Mock Flashcards

1
Q

List 2 common causes of acute otitis media in infants age group

A
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Haemophilus influenzae
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2
Q

Anatomically why are young children more prone to otitis media ?

A

Short eustachian tubes

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3
Q

What ABs could be prescribed ?

A
  • Amoxicillin
  • Clarithromycin (if penicillin allergy)
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4
Q

A complication of otitis media is meningitis, name 2 new symptoms you would warn parents to look out for ?

A
  • Headache
  • Photophobia
  • Vomiting
  • Hypotonia
  • Non-blanching or purpuric rash
  • Neck stiffness
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5
Q

What type of hearing loss is glue ear ?

A
  • Conductive
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6
Q

Types of hearing loss

A

Conductive hearing loss.
Sensorineural hearing loss.
Mixed hearing loss.

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7
Q

Complication of otitis media that presents with post-auricular swelling and erythema ?

A
  • Mastoiditis
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8
Q

List signs and symptoms you should enquire about when a pregnancy woman presents with blurring of vision

A
  • Headache
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Upper abdominal or epigastric pain
  • Oedema
  • Reduced urine output
  • Brisk reflexes
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9
Q

High RFs for pre-eclampsia

A
  • Pre-existing HTN
  • PMHx
  • Existing autoimmune condition e.g. SLE
  • DM
  • CKD
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10
Q

Moderate Risk Factors

A
  • Older than 40
  • BMI > 35
  • More than 10 years since previous pregnancy
  • Multiple pregnancy
  • First pregnancy
  • FHx
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11
Q

Conditions under which you would offer aspirin form 12 weeks

A
  • One high risk factor
  • Or more than one moderate risk factor
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12
Q

Medications for PE ?

A
  • Labetalol
  • Nifedipine
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13
Q

What would you expect to see on blood test for PE ?

A
  • HELLP
  • Haemolysis
  • Elevated liver enzymes
  • Low platelets
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14
Q

Triad of Parkinson’s

A
  • Resting tremor
  • Muscle rigidity
  • Bradykinesia
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15
Q

How is Parkinson’s different to benign essential tremor ?

A
  • Essential tremor worsens when holding arms outstretched
  • Essential tremor worsens with activities such as writing whereas Parkinson’s tremor improves with purposeful actions
  • Essential tremor is often symmetrical where PD is often asymmetrical
  • Essential tremors has autosomal dominant trait where PD has no genetic trait
  • Essential tremor improves with alcohol whereas PD tremor has no change
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16
Q

Name 2 side effects of levodopa

A
  • Dry mouth
  • Anorexia
  • Palpitations
  • Postural hypotension
  • Psychosis
  • Dyskinesia
  • Dystonia
  • Chorea
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17
Q

Parkinson’s Medications (not levo-dopa)

A
  • Dopamine agonist e.g. bromocriptine
  • MAO inhibitors e.g. rasagiline or selegiline
  • COMT inhibitors e.g. Entacapone
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18
Q

Define a seizure

A
  • Transient episode of abnormal electrical activity in the brain
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19
Q

Types of seizures

A
  • Generalized tonic-clinic
  • Focal
  • Absence
  • Atonic
  • Myoclonic
  • Juvenile myoclonic seizures
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20
Q

General advice for a child’s parents after a seizure

A
  • Take caution with swimming and heights
  • Shower rather than bath
  • Record any further episodes
  • If seizure lasts for more than 5 mins call ambulance or 2 mins with LOC
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21
Q

RFs for falls

A
  • DM
  • RA
  • > 65
  • Previous falls
  • Polypharmacy
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22
Q

2 recommended tests from NICE to assess patients at risk of falls ?

A
  • Turn 180 test
  • Timed up and go test
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23
Q

Name management options to prevent Lorraine having future falls

A
  • Strength and balance training
  • Home hazard assessment
  • Medication review
  • Vision assessment
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24
Q

After a fall a patient develops dark brown/red urine. What could be the cause ? What blood test would suggest this condition and how would it be managed ?

A
  • Myoglobinuria secondary to rhabdomyolysis
  • Would be suggested by high levels of creatinine kinase and would be treated by IV fluids
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25
Name 2 differentials for 4 day history of SOB, productive cough and generalized fatigue. PMH of COPD, HTN and previous MI
- Pneumonia - PE - Pleural effusion - Pneumothorax - Heart failure
26
Symptoms of COPD exacerbations
- SOB, productive cough and generalized fatigue - Wheeze, fever, cyanosis, peripheral oedema, confusion - Yellow-green phlegm
27
Name appropriate AB for COPD exacerbation in penicillin allergy
- Doxycycline, clarithromycin or azithromycin
28
What are the stages of the Transtheoretical model of health behaviour ?
- Pre-contemplation - Contemplation - Preparation - Action - Maintenance
29
List 4 criteria for a life-threatening asthma attack
- PEFR less than 33% predicted - Altered consciousness - Cardiac arrhythmia - Hypotension - Cyanosis - Poor respiratory effort - Silent chest - Confusion
30
1st line acute asthma treatment in hospital
- Nebulized salbutamol - Followed by nebulized ipratropium bromide - Followed by IV hydrocortisone if no impact
31
What would you monitor in a patient with acute asthma ?
- Oxygen sats - PEF
32
What is the MOA for salbutamol ?
- Short acting beta-2 agonist
33
First rank symptoms of schizophrenia
- Auditory hallucinations - Thought disorder - Passivity phenomena - Delusional perceptions
34
Poor prognostic indicators for schizophrenia
- Negative symptoms - Low IQ - Low socioeconomic status - Social isolation - FHx
35
Name atypical antipsychotics
- Aripiprazole - Olanzapine - Paliperidone - Quetiapine - Risperidone
36
Side effects of APs
- Weight gain - Dyslipidemia - Hyperprolactinaemia - Impaired glucose tolerance
37
Possible side effects of the copper intrauterine device
- Spotting or cramping after insertion - Period of heavier and more painful periods post insertion - Infection - Can fall out
38
What condition presents with watery, slightly grey discharge that smells fishy ? and how would you treat it ?
- Bacterial vaginosis - Metronidazole
39
How does syphilis present ?
- Chancre/genital ulcer
40
How does chlamydia present ?
- Post-coital or intermenstrual bleeding - Increased or purulent vaginal discharge/cervical discharge/deep dyspareunia/ dysuria/ pelvic pain/ pelvic tenderness
41
How would chlamydia present specifically on a male?
- Dysuria - Urethral discharge - Urethral discomfort - Testicular pain - Epididymo-orchitis
42
What is the causative organism of syphilis ?
- Treponema Pallidum
43
Name NICE recommended screening tools for depression ?
- PHQ-9 - HADS - BDI-II
44
How long would you review a patient starting on SSRIs ?
- 1 week
45
RFs for endometrial cancer
- Increased age - Early menarche - Late menopause - Nulliparity - T2DM
46
Protective factors for endometrial cancer
- COCP - Mirena coil - Increased pregnancy - Smoko
47
MC complication of measles
- Otis media
48
Who should be notified for a notifiable disease ?
- Local public health team
49
Name 4 beliefs indivisibles must have if they are to change their behaviour according to the Health Belief Model
- Belief that they are susceptible to the condition - Believe in serious consequences - Believe taking action reduces susceptibility - Believe that benefits of actions outweigh costs
50
Theories of behaviour change
- Theory of planned behaviour - Stages of change - Transtheoretical model - Social norms theory - Motivational interviewing
51
First rank features of schizophrenia
- Auditory hallucinations - Thought disorder - Delusional perceptions - Passivity phenomena
52
Explain the type of auditory hallucinations that would indicate schizophrenia
- Auditory third person hallucinations - Running commentary not command - Hearing her own thoughts spoken aloud
53
Explain the thought disorders that would present in schizophrenia
- Thought insertion - Thought broadcast - Thought withdrawal
54
Explain passivity phenomena in schizophrenia
- Bodily sensations being controlled by external influence - Actions/impulses/feelings – experiences which are imposed on the individual or influenced by others
55
Explain delusional perceptions in the context of schizophrenia
- A two stage process where first a normal object is perceived then secondly there is a sudden intense delusional insight into the objects meaning for the patient - E.g. The traffic light is green therefore I am king
56
Second rank features of schizophrenia
- Impaired insight - Negative symptoms - Incongruity/blunting of affect - Anhedonia - Alogia - Avolition - Social withdrawal - Neologisms – made up words - Catatonia
57
What features of a mental state exam would make you think mania ?
- Appearance – over or under dressed. Flamboyant/unusual dress - Behaviour – agitation or overactivity - Speech – pressure of speech - Thought disorders – flight of ideas – grandiose delusions - Elevated mood - Disinhibition
58
Psychological treatments for psychosis ?
- CBT - Hearing voices group - Psychoeducation - Psychoanalytical therapy
59
Annual checks for patients on APs
- Blood tests – U&Es, LFTs, TFTs - BMI - ECG - Blood pressure
60
Components of a MSE
- Appearance and behaviour - Speech - Emotion - Perceptions - Thoughts - Insight - Cognition
61
RFs for IUGR
- HTN - Pre-eclampsia - Social Hx of smoking or drug use - Previous Hx of IUGR
62
Methods for assessing the fetus at 30 weeks gestation
- Cardiotocography (CTG) - US measurement of fetal growth - US measurement of amniotic fluid volume
63
Name members of an MDT who should be involved in a pregnancy at risk of preterm
- Obstetrician - Anesthetist - Pediatrician/Neonatologist - Midwife
64
Most common cell origin of ovarian cancers
- Epithelial - Around 90%
65
Most common type of ovarian cancer
- Serous carcinoma
66
Presenting features of ovarian cancer
- Abdominal distension and bloating - Abdominal and pelvic pain - Urinary symptoms e.g. Urgency - Early satiety - Diarrhoea
67
Treatments for life-threatening asthma
- Oxygen - Nebulized salbutamol - Nebulized ipratropium - Corticosteroids oral or IV
68
IV treatments you would give to a patient not responding to nebulized treatments in severe or life threatening asthma
- Salbutamol - Aminophylline - Magnesium - Hydrocortisone
69
When determining who well asthma is controlled what features of the condition would you ask about
- Pattern of medication use – pattern of salbutamol use - Persistence of symptoms e.g. Wheeze or cough on exertion - Involvement of secondary care e.g. previous hospital attendances
70
Findings of a LP in a patient with GBS
- Raised protein - Normal white cell count - Raised opening pressure - Normal glucose
71
What investigation will confirm a diagnosis of GBS
- Nerve conduction studies
72
22. Name generalised demyelinating peripheral neuropathies
- GBS - Charcot Marie Tooth - Mitochondrial disorders
73
Infective triggers of GBS
- Campylobacter jejuni - Cytomegalovirus - EBV - HEP A,B,C,E
74
24. Management of GBS
- Intravenous immunoglobulin - Prophylactic anti-coagulation - Physiotherapy - Ventilator Support
75
In which situations can rhabdomyolysis present ?
Seizure Collapse e.g. elderly fall and found hours later Ecstasy Crush Injury Drugs e.g. statins + clarithromycin
76
Features of rhabdomyolysis
AKI Elevated CK Myoglobinurina: dark or redish-brown colour Hypocalcaemia Hyperkalaemia Metabolic acidosis
77
Management of rhabdomyolysis
IV Fluids
78
C. First line investigation for post-menopausal bleeding and what is the next step if there is endometrial thickening ?
- Transvaginal US - Pipelle biopsy

3a Mocks (6 decks)

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