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Question 1

tidal volume

Answer 1

volume of air breathed in or out per breath. This increases during exercise

Question 2

inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 2

Volume of air that can be forcibly inspired after a normal breath. This decreases during exercise

Question 3

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 3

Volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal breath. Slight decrease during exercise

Question 4

residual volume

Answer 4

Volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration. Remains the same during exercise

Question 5

Minute ventilation

Answer 5

Volume of air breathed in or out per minute = tidal volume x respiratory rate. The more demanding the activity, the more minute ventilation increases

Question 6

what is cardiovascular drift

Answer 6

the idea that during steady state exercise for a prolonged period of time in a warm environment, heart rate slowly climbs rather than staying constant. Due to part of the liquid lost through sweat coming from plasma meaning blood becomes more viscous. This causes stroke volume and venous return to decrease and therefore heart rate increases to compensate for this and maintain a high heart rate.

Question 7

what is function of stretch receptors and how do they work?

Answer 7

they prevent over-inflation of the lungs by sending impulses down the expiratory centre and down the intercostal nerve to expiratory muscles so that expiration occurs.