Industrial Revolution

Question 1

Characteristics of popular recreation

Answer 1

• simple/natural due to lack of money
• local due to lack of transport/communication
• simple unwritten rules due to widespread illiteracy
• irregular (only played on Holy days)
• cruel/violent (reflection of harsh rural life)

Question 2

what were the two classes of pre-industrial Britain?

Answer 2

courtly class (upper class)
popular class (lower class)

Question 3

what is urbanisation?

Answer 3

the movement from rural areas to newly newly developing urban areas

Question 4

was the beginning of the Industrial Revolution good for physical recreation or bad?

Answer 4

it had a negative impact on people’s ability to participate in physical activity

Question 5

characteristics of first half of Industrial Revolution?

Answer 5

• poor health and hygiene (led to illness and lack of energy to play sports)
• low income led to many people living in extreme poverty (could not afford to miss work to play sport)
• long working hours
• lack of space/facilities
• overcrowding
• MOB sports were illegal

Question 6

characteristics of second half of Industrial Revolution?

Answer 6

• improved health and hygiene - local public baths were created to stop diseases spreading
• increase in wages and leisure time - factory acts/Saturday half-day (BROKEN TIME PAYMENTS)
• rise of the middle class - provided facilities/ public parks/ rules/ respectable

Question 7

how did spectator numbers for sports increase?

Answer 7

• large populations in cities after urbanisation leas to mass spectator following for working-class sports
• transport became more accessible meaning more people could travel

Question 8

what is the influence of the church on physical activity?

Answer 8

the church promoted physical activity as it encouraged social control.
- The church created teams, organised competitions, provided facilities

Question 9

what is rational recreation?

Answer 9

sports created in the 19th century for the lower classes. They were created by the middle classes to be well ordered, organised and controlled

Question 10

what was the olympian class?

Answer 10

was made to promote moral, physical and intellectual improvements especially in the lower class people

Question 11

when was the middle class developed?

Answer 11

in second half of Industrial Revolution (they were men who took advantage of the new business opportunities available in the newly industrialised Britain)

Question 12

how did the middle class support developments made in the 19th century?

Answer 12

• helped the development of professional sport

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Question 13

characteristics of rational recreation

Answer 13

• complex written rules
• skill-based not force based
• regular participation
• purpose built facilities
• amateur and professionalism
• spectating and participation

Question 14

definition of rational recreation

Answer 14

civilised and organised sports and pastimes of post-industrial Britain

Question 15

characteristics of the middle class

Answer 15

• profit making business men
• e.g. factory owners, local government, doctors
• led the way in reforming eduction, local government, welfare of the poor etc
• wanted society based on merit

Question 16

how did sport reflect society?

Answer 16

• when society was cruel, so was sport
• when society was dominated by men, so was sport
• when women’s position in society became accepted, so did their position in sport

Question 17

characteristics of 19th century amateurism

Answer 17

• unpaid
  -upper/middle class
• played for the love of the sport
• normally public school old boys
• elite players
• held a higher status in society
• typically an all-rounder

Question 18

characteristics of 19th century professionalism

Answer 18

• paid
  -working class
• played as a profession
• workers of factories/mills
• lower level player
• held a lower status in society
• focus on one sport

Question 19

popular recreation definition

Answer 19

sport and leisure activities that were common among people of Britain prior to the Industrial Revolution

Question 20

why was wagering popular in pre-industrial Britain

Answer 20

• chance for the lower class to win money
• chance for upper class to show their wealth/status