mock Flashcards
Bourdieu
1977
each social class has their own framework of beliefs known as a ‘habitus’
the advantage some children have as a result of having the habitus suited to school is ‘cultural capital’
Schultz
1971
Theory of human capital
This is the idea that high spending on education is justified as it develops knowledge and skills needed for a successful economy
Althusser
1971
Argued the education system is an ideological state apparatus. By passing on ruling class ideology , the proletariat are kept in a false class consciousness by the bourgeoisie.
Bowles and Gintis
2011
argues schools cast the ‘long shadow of work’
through the overt and hidden curriculum, they enforce values and behaviours suited to the world of work , subsequently preparing students for a life of future employment
Willis
1977
‘Learning to Labour - Why working class kids end up with working class jobs’
Gillborn and Youdell
2000
educational triage
Ball
1981
schools ‘warn up’ top stream students and ‘cool out’ lower stream students
Smyth
2006
lower stream students have more negative attitudes towards education. labelling negatively affects their self esteem and academic motivations
Lacey
1970
argued there are two processes within schools;
differentiation- hard work and good grades are emphasises, catergorising pupils based on this criteria.
polarisation- students become split into two opposite ‘poles’
Woods
1979
dividing pupils into two poles of either pro or anti school subcultures is oversimplified.
there is a range of responses that may develop (identified 8 responses) , on a spectrum of pro or anti school
Jackson
2006
girls are increasingly becoming part of anti-school subcultures , showing ‘ladette’ behaviour.
often work clandestinely to maintain this perception and also achieve good grades.
Brown
1990
marketisation has created a parentocracy
Sugarman
1970
working class subcultures based on values of:
fatalism
instant gratification
Hyman
1967
middle class values socialise children into the value of hard work and delayed gratification
Douglas
1964
parental involvement is a key predictor of educational success
Bernstein
1974
restricted / elaborated code
Alexander
2012
international comparisons create moral panics
Tough and Brooks
2007
flaw of parentocracy is that different social classes select schools based off of different criteria
covert selection is used by schools
Washbrook and Walfodel
2010
poorer students may live in damp , overcrowded conditions
Francis
2001
laddish behaviour is becoming more widespread ; masculinity crisis.
Sewell
2006
feminisation of education is making it difficult for boys to succeed
Sharpe
1976, 1994
priorities of girls are changing
Illich
1995
schools are repressive institutions concerned with rewarding conformists and hegemonic control.
define ‘hegemony’
the acceptance of the dominant ideology by the rest of society
what is the difference between endogenous and exogenous privatisation?
endogenous privatisation - privatisation within the education system where schools adopt principles from the private sector.
(league tables , target setting)
exogenous privatisation - privatisation from outside the education system where aspects are outsourced from external companies (OFSTED)
define ‘ethnocentrism’
when other cultures are seen through the lens of ones own culture.
prioritises culture and viewpoint of their culture and disregards others .
e.g schools may teach only British history
