affect of ethnicity

Question 1

Which ethnic groups is the highest achieving?

Answer 1

Chinese and Indian Asian groups achieve the highest levels of educational success

Question 2

Which ethnic groups are the lowest achieving?

Answer 2

Bangladeshi, Pakistani, black Caribbean

Question 3

Minority ethnic groups are more likely to live in…

Answer 3

low income households and be in the poorest fifth of the population

Question 4

Black Caribbean students are 15.5x more likely to be categorised as…

Answer 4

having behavioural/emotional/psychological difficulties compared to white students

Question 5

What would Marxists argue in regards to ethnic differences in educational success?

Answer 5

Marxists would argue that ethical differences in education is actually a class problem

Question 6

In 2012/13, what fraction of ethnic minority groups lived in poverty?

How much more is this than British people?

Answer 6

In 2012/13, 2/5ths of ethnic minority groups lived in poverty.
This is twice the amount than British people.

Question 7

What did Gillborn and Mirza (2000) say about using social class to explain differences in educational attainment between different ethnic groups?

Answer 7

social class factors remain main influence of educational achievement but do not override the influence of ethnic inequality

Question 8

What percentage of primary and secondary students do not use English as their first language at home?

Answer 8

primary- 18%
secondary- 13%

Question 9

English is no longer the first language for the majority of students in…..

Answer 9

more than 1 in 9 schools

Question 10

As most teachers are white and middle class, they may….

what does this cause/lead to?

Answer 10

unconsciously penalise heavily-accented or non-standard English, assuming it to be inability.

This causes the teacher to label the student and then self-fulfilling prophecy takes place.

Question 11

what did The Swann Report (1985) find about language?

Answer 11

whilst language factors might hold back some children, for the majority they were of little importance

Question 12

explain two criticisms of the idea that language is a key factor in educational achievement between different ethnic minority groups

Answer 12

Indian Asian students may come into education with English as their second language, but end up out-performing their peers

Does not explain why gypsy, traveller communities significantly underperform even when English is their first language

Question 13

Many ethnic minority parents have high aspirations for their children’s education and see….

Answer 13

education as a way route upwards through social mobility

Question 14

Lupton (2004)

family cultures

Answer 14

lower working class white British families have an indifferent of negative attitude towards school, this suggests that family cultures may contribute to different levels of attainment between different ethnic groups

Question 15

Bhatti (1999)

Answer 15

Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Indian Asian parents were supportive but didn’t always know how to support- didn’t know school system/organisation/have capability or knowledge to aid child

Question 16

Pilkington (1997)

Answer 16

suggested that pupils from the same ethnic minority background have different levels of educational support given to them

Question 17

Explain how racism within society can affect educational achievement.

explain Clark’s study

Answer 17

racism within society can create low self esteem.
this can affect motivation levels and subsequently lead to the self fulfilling prophecy

Clark’s doll study in 1940s demonstrated psychological impact of segregation of black children

Question 18

What did the Swann Report conclude regarding racial prejudice in schools?

Answer 18

although very few teachers are consciously racist, there is a lot of unintentional racism

Question 19

Wright (1992) and Connolly (1998)

(racial prejudice in schools)

Answer 19

some teachers hold ethnic based stereotypes

Question 20

Wright (2010)

(racial prejudice in schools)

Answer 20

these stereotypes that some teachers hold often derive from the media’s demonisation of black males.

Question 21

Strand (2012)

(racial prejudice in schools)

Answer 21

teacher’s judgements of pupil’s academic ability was distorted by perception of their behaviour

Question 22

Gillborn and Youdell (2000)

(racial prejudice in schools)

Answer 22

teacher labelling causing low self esteem, creating a self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 23

in 2013, what percentage of headteachers came from non-white ethnic minority backgrounds

Answer 23

2.7%

Question 24

define ‘ethnocentric’

Answer 24

Ethnocentric means a policy/attitude that gives priority to a specific viewpoint/culture whilst disregarding others

Question 25

explain how schools could be seen to be ‘ethnocentric’

Answer 25

Subjects, activities and hidden curriculum are often biased towards and focusses on white British society (holidays, uniform, dress requirements)

Question 26

what is the impact of schools being ‘ethnocentric’?

Answer 26

Role models in both school, curriculum and hidden curriculum are often white

Non-white races portrayed as subservient/in need of help

May contribute towards low self esteem

Question 27

Tickly et al (2006)

(ethnocentric curriculum causing feelings of exclusion)

Answer 27

large number of African Caribbean pupils felt their culture was invisible and any black history mentioned almost always focussed on slavery

Question 28

what is ethnocentrism in the context of the education system?

Answer 28

the way school/curriculum unfairly benefits certain cultures and not other