Mobility Flashcards
What is mobility? “Hazards” of mobility same thing as effects of immobility. Give examples.
Being able to move about freely.
*Ice or fallen tree on highway is a hazard of the road.
How does age play a role in mobility?
*New infant totally dependent on someone else
*Elder-Everything slows down, atrophy-Muscle wasting away
Who is at risk for a mobility problem?
Anyone with anything that can impair their mobility
When performing a physical assessment, what finding will be seen with normal mobility functioning?
*Active range of motion
1. Pulling arm to body-adduction
2, Pulling arm away from body-Abduction
3. Hyperextension-pulling head back
4. Flexion-head toward chest
Ex. NG Tube-hyperextension-to look at back of throat, & flexion-Make sure tube is going into stomach
What diagnostic tests can be used to detect musculoskeletal disorders, briefly describe each?
-Assess musculoskeletal muscle pull when you first see physical therapists, Range of Motion, CT, ultrasound, MRI
-Severe muscle damage-Biopsy
What are the primary prevention strategies to reduce mobility problems?
-Keep them moving (Range of motion/Set goals)
*Measurable goal for surgery pt. who had surgery yesterday on knee (Arthroscopic surgery)
-Pt. will ambulate in hall 50 ft. by 7pm tonight. *Remember how to write a proper measurable goal
-Passive range of motion of pts. For pts. Who can’t move. -Assisted (pt. does part & someone helps them-I can do my hands but nurse with PT helps me)
Nursing interventions can be used for patients with mobility problems?
Discuss medications used in patients with mobility problems?
-Pain-Naproxen sodium or Aleve, Can’t over medicate but give medication to give before pt. goes to therapy to help with pain.
-Hot/cold therapy-Health care prescription
Discuss surgical and other therapies that can be used for mobility problems?
-Fall down steps & break femur (surgical intervention), or twist ankle
What is the morse fall scale & ranges.
Number for potential falls/accidents
-Higher the number the higher risk of fall
*History of fall-25, 0 -for no falls
*Secondary diagnosis-15 yes, 0 for no
*Intravenous therapy-0 or 20
*Gait/transferring 0, 10, or 20
*Ambulatory aids 0, 15, or 30
*Mental Status 0 or 15
What is the Braden Scale for?
Deals with tissue integrity. To tell skin breakdown and mobility of pt.
What is gross motor movement and fine motor movement?
-Gross motor movement-Big movement (Picking up cup or big ball) vs. fine motor movement-Moving fingers, picking up small object to place in area)
What is purposeful physical movement?
-Body has to have energy to move it, adequate muscle strength (can’t go any further), underlining skeletal stability (skeletal system intact & bones working where they are, joint movement (Shoulders & hands moving), & neuromuscular coordination (tells muscles what to do-CVA, Spinal cord injury)
What is immobility?
-Can’t move freely, or impaired walking
Ex. Like confined to bed or chair.
What is deconditioning?
-Immobility to body from laying down for a long time. (Athletes)
What is disuse syndrome?
Body systems not used properly. (Heart-muscle)-Person becomes immobile, permanent paralysis & it will affect how heart works
What is the mobility range?
Mobile and immobile
What are the normal physiological changes?
-Includes cartilage, tendon, & joints
*The motor cortex in the frontal lobe of the brain is responsible for voluntary motor activity through a series of nerve impulses sent from the brain, through the spinal cord and peripheral nerves, to the target muscle. The cerebellum, located at the base of the brain (brainstem injury), coordinates movement, equilibrium, muscle tone, and proprioception.
What does the bones do? What are the axial & appendicular skeletal systems?
*Bones also serve as a storage center for calcium and as a production center for red blood cells within the bone marrow (carry oxygen).
*The axial skeleton (bones that comprise the skull, thorax, and spinal column)
*The appendicular skeleton (bones that comprise the upper and lower extremities).
What types of movement does joints make?
The various types of movement provided by joints include flexion, extension, rotation, adduction, abduction, supination, and pronation. Know position. Know supine & pronation examples.
What are synovial joints?
-Synovial joints have multiple elements, including a joint capsule, synovial membrane, joint cavity, synovial fluid, and articular cartilage.
-Fluid is there to keep from having friction. (Pleural fluid keeps lungs moving (expanding).
*Pericardial fluid around the heart is there to prevent friction and pericarditis.
What are disks?
-Disks thin/break as we age, height shortens as age, along with problems with bones.
*Bone density test-measures porous(holes & brittle) bones.
What are the variations & Context
*Changes in mobility can be temporary, long term, or permanent, and are influenced by general health status, with specific conditions associated with the neurologic or musculoskeletal system-Flu or fracture (acute illness or injury)
*Congenital problems-club foot-turns in on self. Medical procedures (e.g., surgery) and diagnostic tests may require temporary restrictions on mobility to reduce complications.
Review friction/shearing/What is the prevention for ulcer decubitus?
Turning the patient
