Mnemonics Flashcards
Features of Cushing’s syndrome?
SWEDISH Spinal tenderness Weight central obesity Easy bruising Diabetes Interscapular fat pad Striae Hypertension
DKA management in first hour?
PANICS
Potassium - measure hourly: omit if anuria suspected or serum level >5.5
Acidosis: check venous pH and ketone levels
Normal saline: 500ml over 15 mins if systolic <90mmHg, otherwise 1l in first hour
Insulin by infusion: (50 units in 50mls at rate 0.1u/kg/hr)
Catheter and cultures: urine, blood
Stomach aspiration if drowsy; ET tube first if no gag reflex (most common cause of death in DKA)
Features of acromegaly?
ABCDEF Arthropathy BP Carpal tunnel Diabetes Enlarged tongue, heart, thyroid Fields: homnymous hemianopia
Features of hypocalcaemia?
CATS of hypocalcaemia Convulsion Arrhythmias Tetany Spasms and stridor
Causes of impalpable apex beat?
COPD COPD Obesity Pericardial effusion Dextrocardia
Features of Marfan’s
MARFAP Mitral valve prolapse Arm span > height Really narrow aorta (coarctation) Fibrillin gene Aortic dilatation and regurgitation Pneumothorax
STEMI long-term Mx
ABCDE ACEi Beta blocker Cholesterol lowering Dual antiplatelet (12 months 75mg) Echo to assess LV
STEMI immediate medical
MACO Morphine + metoclopramide 10/10 Aspirin 300mg loading dose Clopidogrel 300mg Oxygen only if low sats
Complications of MI
Sudden death on PRAED street Sudden cardiac death Pump failure Rupture of papillary muscle and septum Aneurysm and arrhythmias Embolism Dressler’s (pericarditis after weeks - rare. Normal pericarditis immediately is much more common)
Pulmonary Oedema x ray features
ABCDE Alevolar shadowing Kerley B lines Cardiomegaly Upper lobe diversion Effusion
Causes of left ventricular failure?
CHAMP Coronary syndrome Hypertensive emergency Arrhytmia Mechanical (e.g. acute valve leak, VSD, LV anuerysm) Pulmonary embolus
criteria for IE
Duke’s - BE FIRE
Major:
Blood cultures
Echo findings
Fever
Immunological signs
Risk factors
Embolism
Criteria for RHD?
Jones - PACES FACER
PACES Pancarditis Arthralgia Chorea Erythema marginatum Subcutaneous noduels
FACER Fever Arthralgia CRP/eSR ECG showing increased PR interval RHD in past
Features of pulmonary hypertension
JAPPP2
JVP raised Ascites Pulsatile hepatomegaly Parasternal heave P2 loud
Valve complications
BEHAVE Bleeding Endocarditis Haemolysis AF Valve dysfunction Emboli
Indications for permanent pacemaker
HAM ST
Heart failure AV block (complete) Mobitz type 2 Sick sinus syndrome Tachyarrythmias drug resistant
Asthma long term management aside from medical
MDT TEAM MDT Technique for inhaler use Educate Allergen and trigger avoidance Monitor (peak flow diary)
Classification of severe and life threatening asthma
Severe: 25-50-110-S RR 25 PEFR 50% or less HR 110 Sentences cannot be completed in one breath
Life threat: 33-92-CHEST PEFR 33% or less O2 sats 92% Cyanosis Hypotension Exhaustion Silent chest Tachy/bradyarrythmias
