History Niche

Question 1

Subclavian steal syndrome; what is it and how might it present?

Answer 1

retrograde blood flow in the vertebral artery/internal thoracic artery, due to a proximal stenosis and/or occlusion of the subclavian artery

Syncope, neurological defects, difference in BP between arms

Question 2

Nephrotic syndrome; what is it and what are complications?

Answer 2

Swelling, hyperlipidaemia, proteinuria and low albumin

High risk of VTE

Question 3

Causes of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 3

Diabetes
SLE
Amyloidosis

In children: minimal change glomerulonephritis

Question 4

Tx of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 4

Treat the cause
Monitor U+E, fluid balance
Salt and fluid restriction + furosemide
Statin + tinzaparin