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Mnemonics Flashcards

1
Q

my fabrite activity is ceramics. We made A small galaXy.

The spinning wheel made my fingers tingle and skin caked in red clay. I did it until the ceramic became dry. After it was finished, I loved it and peed a lil.

A

FABRY
Enzyme: alpha-galactosidase A

Build up: Ceramide Trihexoside

X-linked recessive inheritence

Early: peripheral neuropathy, angiokeratoma, hypohidrosis
Late: cardiovascular disease, renal failure

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2
Q

oh my Gosh, he is such a big Gucci bro (in crying voice). There is nothing in his bones.

A

Gaucher’s disease (the most common)

Enzyme: Glucocerebrosidase

BUildup: Glucocerebroside.
Tissue paper cytoplasm*
Symptoms: Bone necrosis* adult hepatoslenomegaly, pancytopenia or thrombocytopenia

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3
Q

A gang of 6 small Jews lost their job at general Motors for eating an onion sunday with cherry on top which made them dumb, blind, deaf and paralyzed.

A

Tay Sach’s Disease

Enzyme: hexosaminidase A

Buildup: GM2 Ganglioside
SMALL* no hepatosplenomegaly-differentiates it from Nieman Pick.

*Cherry red macula!

Autosomal recessive, presents at birth: motor weakness, seizures, vision and hearing loss, intellectual disability and paralysis. Death within 4 yrs of age

Dilated neurons with lipid filled vacuoles in CNS. Lysosomes with onion skin.

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4
Q

Pick your big nose with your sphinger. Took out a foamy booger with a lil blood on top and a little bit of brain too!

A

Niemann-Pick

Enzyme: Sphingomyelinase
Buildup: Sphingomyelin
also has cherry red macula (a, also in Ashikanze Jews
but BIG: hepatosplenomegaly.
Microcephaly, severe mental retardation, zebra bodies in inclusions
Foamy macrophages
Early death

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5
Q

Bro this glob of Krabbe meat is out of this world.

I’m ]ogleing it and its making me tingle with excitement

A

Krabbe Disease

Enzyme: beta Galactocerebrosidase

Buildup: galactocerebroside

Globoid Cell - glob of crab

Optic atrophy, death of oligodendrocytes, peripheral neuropathy.

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6
Q

X-marks the spot. I don’t care about you.

A

Hunter’s Disease

Enzyme : Iduronate sulfatase (L iduronate in Hurler)

Buildup: dermatan sulfate (scope is touching your skin)

  • *X LINKED recessive ! (other is Fabrite)
  • unlike Hurler, has no corneal clouding! (hunter needs to see.) Aggressive behavior.
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7
Q

1,2 buckle my shoe
3,4 kick down the door
5,6 pick up sticks
7-8 Keep it straight

A

Reflexes

S1,S2 - achilles

L3,L4 - patellar

C5-C6 - biceps,brachioradialis

C7,C8 -triceps

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8
Q

Down on all 4’s
Teat pore
Belly Butten

A

Dermatomes

L4=knees

T4-nipples

T10- belly button.

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9
Q 
some 
say 
marry
money
but 
my 
brother 
says
big 
brains 
matter 
most
A

Cranial nerves

  1. sensory
  2. sensory
  3. motor
  4. motor
  5. both
  6. motor
  7. both
  8. sensory
  9. both
  10. both
  11. motor
  12. motor
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10
Q

Must stay A-wake 2 dine .

Also cold air helps to stay awake so CET the AC to stay awake

A

2nd generation: nonsedating, do not cross the BBB

  • DesloratADINE
  • FexofenADINE (Allegra)
  • LoraTADINE (Claritin)
  • CETirizine (zyrtec)
  • ACIVASTINE

1st gen: lipophilic- motion sickness, sleep aid

  • diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
  • clorpheniramine
  • hydroxyzine
  • promethazine
  • dimehydrinate - (Dramamine)
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11
Q

Saying “Broca” vs saying “wernicke”

A

These two are opposites. So it comes down to which one is fluent (output intact) vs nonfluent (output fucked)

So Wernicke is much harder to say than Broca so Wernicke is fluent aphasia, Broca is non-fluent

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12
Q

argylL - robertsoN pupil

A

light-near dissociation

Pupils are small bilaterally and irregular

  • pupils will not react to light!
  • pupils WILL react to accommodation

associated with syphillus and diabetes

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13
Q

Uncle blows hemp and coke

A

Transtentorial Uncal herniation - clinical triad of

  1. blown pupil - CN3
  2. HEMiplegia - cerebral peduncles
  3. Coma - reticular formation - decreased consciousness
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14
Q

Don’t Eat Greasy Foods

A

Lateral to medial of deep cerebellar nuclei

Dentate, Emboliform, Globose, Fastigial

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15
Q

D1R

A

Dopamine 1 Receptor

D1R = DIRect pathway of Basal Ganglia

Dopamine always facilitates movement. Dopamine increase gabaergic output of the striatum onto the Gpi, disinhibition of the VL/VA thalamus

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16
Q

When you PARK your car it is at REST

A

Parkinsons has resting tremor in the distal appendages. Tremor is alleviated by intentional movement.

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17
Q

Parkinson TRAPS your body

A 
Tremor (pill rolling at rest)
Rigidity (cogwheel)
Akinesia (or bradykinesia)
Postural instability 
Shuffling gait
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18
Q

alCAPONE in COMTON

A

Catechol O methyl transferase inhibitors

Tolcapone - more potent, used in addition to levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet) to increase plasma half life of levodopa.

Used for patients with late PD who have developed rest fluctuations.

  1. Tolcapone - potent, hepatotoxic**
  2. Entacapone - the more recommedned

Stalevo: levodopa, carbidopa, entacapone

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19
Q

dEcErEbratE

vs

decorticate

A

Decerebrate - lesion below the midbrain, all limbs extend.

Decorticate - lesion above the midbrain, lower limbs extends, upper limb flexes

Decorticate is closer to the cortex
Decerebrate is close to the cerebellum

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20
Q

Executive
Gate
Where you are in space

A

Executive - cerebellum, this monitors ongoing movement. It receives the plans from the motor cortex via the pontine nuclei. Then it monitors the ongoing movement, compares it to the plan, goes through SCP to correct for movement. If mistakes were made you learn, go through ION back to the lateral cerebellum.

Gate - basal ganglia - it is tonically on, inhibiting voluntary movement so if you lose it, all movements are coming out.

Vestibular nuclei can tell where your head is in space.

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21
Q

Ethosuximide EFGHIJ

A

Side effects of Ethosuximide

Fatigue 
GI distress
Headache 
Itching and urticaria) 
stevens-Johnson syndrome
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22
Q

Sux to have Silent Seizures

A

Ethosuximide is first line for absence seizures

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23
Q

Hypothalamus

TAN HATS

A
  • Thirst and water balance,
  • Adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary - secretes hormones)
  • Neurohypophysis (neuroendocrine cells project axons to posterior pituitary)
  • Hunger
  • Autonomic System
  • Temperature
  • Sexual urges
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24
Q

Hypothalamus:

If you zap your lateral area you shrink laterally

A

Lateral area of hypothalamus associated with hunger, destruction > anorexia, failure to thrive, stimulated by ghrelin, inhibited by leptin.

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25
Q

Hypothalamus A/C

A

lateral preoptic nucleus is the heat loss center. Anterior = cooling, parasympathetics

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26
Q

You need sleep to be *charismatic

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus is responsible for the circadian rhythm and sleep.

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27
Q

If you zap your ventromedial area of hypothalamus, you grow ventrally and medially

A

Ventromedial area is responsible for satiety, destruction of it, (craniopharyngioma for example) leads to hyperphagia. Stimulated by leptin.

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28
Q

If you zap your posterior hypothalamus you become a poikilotherm

A

cold blooded like a snake. Lesion to the anterior part can result in hyperthermia, lesion in the caudal part can result in hypothermia when environmental temp is low or Poikilothemia (because the anterior part fiber coursing through the posterior parts get lesioned also.

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29
Q

Subcortical structures

want to go into THUB?

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Upper brainstem
Basal forebrain.

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30
Q

NTs of diffuse projections

HANDS

A

the monoamines

Histamine - (Tuberomamillary) cell bodies in hypothalamus

Acetylcholine - Basal forebrain - Nucleus basalis of Meynert

Norepinephrine - Locus Coeruleus

Dopamine - VTA (especially projects to frontal lobe)

Serotonin - Raphe n.

-loss of these leads to confusion and drowsiness, not coma, ex. acetylcholine or histamine.

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31
Q

Alzheimer patients gallantly swim down the river

A

Galantamine

Donepezil

Rivastigmine

Are all anticholinesterases

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32
Q

Migraine: POUND

A

Pulsatile
One day duration, Unilateral,
Nausea
Disabling

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33
Q

Hairy Gummy Broken Baby

Phenytoin

A

Hirsuitsm

Gum hyperplasia

Osteomalcia - vit D deficiency

Baby - pregnancy teratogen category D

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34
Q

No Thing Beats Trying Anal

Prophylactic

A

NSAIDS

Triptans

B-adrenergic

Tricyclic

Anticonvulsants

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35
Q

PAM is 1 Horny Teen

A

Ptosis
Anhydrosis
Miosis

any lesion above T1.

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36
Q

Names of beta blockers

A

A-M (heart specific) B1

N-Z (nonselective) (includes B2)

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37
Q

Snout and Spin

EBM

A

High Sensitivity means you are getting everyone who actually has a disease (true positive)/(true positive + FALSE NEGATIVE). There is very few false negatives. This means if you get a negative test you can be certain they don’t have it “ruling OUT”

High specificity means you are getting everyone who doesn’t have the disease (true negatives)/(true negative + FALSE POSITIVE). So false positive are really low, if you get a positive you can be pretty certain they have it. “ruling IN”

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38
Q

Somepeople BS nomeningitis HAve GENeric SAd and BAd lies

A

Common causes of acute bacterial meningitis

S. pneumo
Group B strep agalactae
Neisseria meningitis

Haemophilus influenzae type B
Gram negative enteroviruses
Staph Aureus (uncommon)
Bacillus anthracis

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39
Q

THE Mighty King Proposes to Oprah

A 
Thiopental
Midazolam
Ketamine
Propofol
Opiods

Intravenous anesthetics

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40
Q

Don’t pick a horse that can’t eat

A

PICA - pick

occlusion leads to

hoarseness and dysphagia

41
Q

ASA Cuts 12 Lemons

A

Medial medullary syndrome

  • hypoglossal nucleus
  • CST
  • medial lemniscus
42
Q

Uncal Herniation beats Papa

A

Uncal Herniation clinical triad

  1. Hemiplegia - **false localization, contralateral cerebral peduncle, so symptoms are on the same side
  2. Oculomotor: ipsilateral CN 3 signs
  3. PCA- contralateral hemianopsia with macular sparing
43
Q

tri bisexual ben, oral pro

A

Trihexyphenidyl

Biperiden

Benztropine

Orphenadrine

Procyclidine

44
Q

The Basal Ganglia is like the VALV of motor movement

A

VA: ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus

VL: ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus

45
Q

LiTHIUM

A 
adverse effects of lithium 
Low Thyroid (hypothyroidism)
Heart (Ebstein anomaly)
Insipidus (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus)
Unwanted Movements (tremor)
46
Q

SIG E CAPS

A

symptoms of major depressive disorder

Besides depressed mood:

ƒ Sleep disturbance
ƒ loss of Interest (anhedonia)
ƒ Guilt or feelings of worthlessness
ƒ 
Energy loss and fatigue
ƒ
 Concentration problems
ƒ Appetite/weight changes
ƒ Psychomotor retardation or agitation
ƒ Suicidal ideations
47
Q

SAD PERSONS

A

risk factors for suicide completion

Sex (male)
Age (young adult or elderly)
Depression

Previous attempt (highest risk factor) Ethanol or drug use
Rational thinking loss (psychosis) Sickness (medical illness)
Organized plan
No spouse or other social support Stated future intent

48
Q

Parents Start Observing

Child Rearing is Working

Don’t Forget they’re still Learning

A

.

49
Q

Mnemonic for anticholinergic effects

A
  • red as a beet (flushing),
  • dry as a bone (anhidrosis)
  • hot as a hare (overheating secondary to anhidrosis),
  • blind as a bat (blurry vision),
  • mad as a hatter (hallucinations or de- lirium), and
  • full as a flask (urinary retention).
50
Q

myoCARDial oxygen consumption

A

MyoCARDial oxygen consumption (MVO2 is directly related to wall tension and increased by increased Contractility, Afterload, heart Rate and ventricular Diameter

51
Q

Young Liver Synthesizes Blood

A

The organs that are responsible for hemoglobin production

Yolk sac (3-8 weeks)
Liver (6 weeks to birth)
Spleen (10-18 weeks)
Bone marrow (18 weeks to adult)

52
Q

Alpha Always, Gamma Goes, Becomes Beta

A

Alpha subunit stays elevated and constant

Gamma subunit is higher than beta until birth, then beta is higher than gamma.
HbF - alpha2gamma2
Adult HbA - alpha2beta2.

HbF has a higher affinity for oxygen due to less avid binding of 2,3-BPG. This allows HbF to extract oxygen across the placenta from maternal hemoglobin (HbA). Left shift of HbF oxygen dissociation curve versus HbA is observed.

53
Q

Huge Ladies Must Nurse

A

hypertension treatment in pregnant women

  1. hydralazine
  2. labetalol (nonselective alpha beta blocker)
  3. methyldopa
  4. nifedipine
54
Q

Which antibiotics are contraindicatd in pregnancy?

MCAT

A

Metronidazole
Chloramphenicol
Aminoglycoside
Tetracyclines

55
Q

ABCDE - drugs that induce long QT

A

Anti-arrhythmics,

  • class I: procainamide, disopyramide, quinidine
  • class III: sotalol, ibutilide, dofetilide, amiodarone

Anti-Biotics (macrolides, levofloxacin)

Anti “C”ychotics (haloperidol)

Anti- Depressant (TCAs)

Anti-Emetics (ondansetron)

56
Q

myoCARDial oxygen consumption

A

Contractility
Afterload
heart Rate
Diameter of ventricle

57
Q

What are the 5 P’s that result from acute limb ischemia

A 
Pain (acute)
Pulseless
Paresthesia (the nerves are affected by blood supply - earliest sign) 
Paralysis 
Poikylothermia -cold

EMERGENCY - very narrow time window until necrosis. If nerve suffers permanent damage saving the muscle will be useless.

58
Q

5 P’s for limb ischemia

A 
Pain
Pallor/Poikylothermia
Pulselessness
Paresthesia
Paralysis

IF you have these five this is severe limb ischemia.

59
Q

FROM JANE

symptoms of infective endocarditis

A

Fever
Roth Spots - white spots on the retina circular surrounded hemorrhage
Osler - painful hemorrhagic nodules on fingers or toe pads
Murmur - usually mitral regurg, sometimes tricuspid.

Janeway lesions - nonpainful lesion, on on palm or sole
Anemia
Nail-bed hemorrhage - splinter hemorrhages
Emboli - petechiae, cerebral complications (stroke, TIA)

60
Q

Look at them blushing, I SHIP-PEM

A 
Sulfa drugs - Sulfadiazine
Hydralazine
Isoniazid, Interferon alpha
Procainemide 
Phenytoin
Etanercept 
Methyl-dopa
61
Q

I ate ten eggs at twelve

A

I (ivc) ate (8) ten (10) eggs (esophagus) at (aorta) twelve (12)

T8 ivc, right phrenic nerve
T10: esophagus, vagus
T12: aorta, thoracic duct, azygos vein

62
Q

Bifourcates

A

Common carotid at C4
Trachea bifourcates at T4
Abdominal aorta bifourcates at L4

63
Q

MOIST - acquired risk factors of DVT

A

M - malignancy,

  • Motherhood: progesterone induced venodilation and venous obstruction
  • Myeloproliferative disorders (PCV; ET)

O - oral contraceptives, obesity: increased intrabdominal pressure, orthopedics

I - immobilization, inflammatory bowel disease, indwelling central line

S - surgery, syndrome (anti-phospholipid antibody and nephrotic (incredible protein loss of antithrombogenic agents)

T - trauma, tamoxifen, thrombosis (prior)

64
Q

The four T’s (anterior mediastinum)

A 
“ The FOUR  T’s” of anterior mediastinum
 Thymoma
 Teratoma
 Thyroid Cancer
 “Terrible” Lymphoma

Cancers of mediastinum

65
Q

Tom Dick And Very Nervous Harry:

A

Tom Dick And Very Nervous Harry: directly behind medial malleolus - from anterior to posterior, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, tibial artery, tibial nerve, flexor hallucis longus

66
Q

ACID - types of hypersensitivity

A

“ACID”: type I - allergic anaphylaxis atopy, type II - antiBody, type III - immune Complex, type IV - Delayed

67
Q

“GM makes classical cars”:

A

IgM is bound by antigen, then C1 can bind and activate the cascade, this is the classical pathway.

68
Q

MHC I vs. II: T cell interaction The “=8” equation:

A

2x4=8, and 1x8=8.
MHC II goes with CD4.
MHC I goes with CD8.

69
Q

BROAD BASED BUDDING YEAST

A

Is blastomycosis

Blastomyces dermatitidis is a soil-inhabiting dimorphic fungus. •  Central and southeastern United States •  Forms
–  pulmonary blastomycosis
•  Usually abrupt onset illness •  Vary radiographic presentation (lobar, diffuse) •  Usually resolves spontaneously
–  disseminated blastomycosis
–  (rare) primary cutaneous form
•  Diagnosis
–  Antigen in urine or serum
–  BAL shows “Broad-Based Budding yeast”
70
Q

V
H
L disease

A

V – VHL gene (autosomal dominant mutation)
H – Hemangioblastomas - retina, brain
L – Lots of catecholamines (pheochomocytoma)

Three letters in VHL – found on chromosome 3 and causes a three letter disease (renal cell carcinoma)

VHL is a tumor suppressor. Affected families carry one defective gene. The second gene is inactivated somatically. VHL is an AD inherited condition.

71
Q

Microcytic TAILS

A

Thalassemia - globin problem
Anemia of ChronicDisease - iron is trapped in body
Iron deficiency
Lead poisoning (a subset with sideroblastic)
Sideroblastic anemia - protopophyrin ring

72
Q

beta antagonist mnemonic

A

Selective antagonists mostly go from A to M (β1
with 1st half of alphabet)

Nonselective antagonists mostly go from N to Z
(β2 with 2nd half of alphabet)

Nonselective α- and β-antagonists have modiied
sufixes (instead of “-olol”) carvediol+ labetalol

73
Q

eosinophils are from CHINA

A 
Connective tissue diseases
*Helminth infections
Idiopathic 
Neoplasia (CML, Hodgkins)
Allergies

Look like a fortune cookie

74
Q

The TAILS of microcytic anemia

A 
Thallassemia 
Anemia of Chronic disease
Iron deficiency
Lead poisoning
Sideroblastic anemia
75
Q

The 3 C’s of TCA toxicity

A

Coma
Carditoxicity
Convulsions

Also anticholinergic effects: dry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision, drowsiness, hypotension

Treatment: IV sodium bicarbonate

Sodium bicarb alkalinizes the serum to favor the non-ionized form of tricyclic (which can’t interact with fast Na+ channels), increasing gradient for Na+ influx which attenuate effect of channel blockade. Treatment for the seizures are benzodiazepine

76
Q

(H)alothane

A

idiosyncratic hepatic failure

malignant hyperthermia

77
Q

HALT said the hunter to his target

A

Causes of target cell

HbC disease
Asplenia
Liver disease
Thalassemia

78
Q

BALS (Li-fraumeni syndrome)

A

Breast
Adrenal gland
Leukemia
Sarcoma

Malignancies at early age due to one allele mutation of p53.

79
Q

Causes of DIC

STOP Making New Thrombi

A
  • Sepsis
  • Trauma
  • Obstetrical complications (retained placenta, placental abruption)
  • Pancreatitis (acute) hints: epigastric pain radiating to back, dilated common bile duct
  • Malignancy (adenocarcinoma, APL)
  • Nephrotic syndrome
  • incompatible Transfusion reactions

Appropriate labs should be

  • low platelet count
  • low fibrinogen
  • prolonged bleeding time
  • prolonged PT/PTT
  • high fibrin degradation products
  • D-dimers
80
Q

Nervous Arya met luke skywalker

A

Metachromatic leukodystrophy
Enzyme: arylsulfatase A
Accumulates: sulfatides
Late infantile onset - death occuring at 5-10 yrs
Motor symptoms, polyneuropathy and demyelination

81
Q

Parkinson traps

A

Tremor - pill rolling, alleviates with movement
Rigidity - cogwheel rigidity of the extremities
Akinesia/bradykinesia - slowing of voluntary movements; expressionless face
P-postural instability
S - shuffling gait

82
Q

MUDPILES

A

Causes of high AG metabolic acidosis

MUDPILES:
-Methanol (metabolized to formic acid), -Uremia (phosphates, sulfates),
-DKA (ketoacids),
-Propylene glycol
(drug diluent metabolized to lactic acid),
-Iron,
-Lactic acidosis,
-Ethylene glycol (antifreeze metabolized to oxalic acid),
-Salicylates (late)

83
Q

Standing Room Only

Trigeminal

A

Where the branches of the trigeminal leave the skull

V1 - Superior orbital fissure
V2 - foramen Rotundum
V3 - foramen Ovale

84
Q

Anterior and posterior pituitary hormones

6 Oxen Didn’t Die

A

(anterior)
1. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): ACTH stimulates the adrenal glands to produce hormones.
2. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): FSH works with LH to ensure normal functioning of the ovaries and testes.
3. Growth hormone (GH): GH is essential in early years to maintaining a healthy body composition and for growth in children. In adults, it aids healthy bone and muscle mass and affects fat distribution.
4. Luteinizing hormone (LH): LH works with FSH to ensure normal functioning of the ovaries and testes.
5. Prolactin: Prolactin stimulates breast milk production.
6. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to produce hormones.

Posterior:
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH): This hormone prompts the kidneys to increase water absorption in the blood.
Oxytocin: Oxytocin is involved in a variety of processes, such as contracting the uterus during childbirth and stimulating breast milk production.

85
Q

Ala placed in urine cup produces heme

A

(ALAS)Aminolevulinic acid -(ALAD) Porphobilinogen > (hydroxymethylbilane synthase) Uroporphyrinogen > Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase) Coproporphyrinogen > Coproporphyrinogen oxidase) protoporphyrin (ferrochelatase) > heme

86
Q

Causes of renal papillary necrosis POSTCARDS

A 
Pyelonephritis 
Obstruction of the urogenital tract 
S -sickle cell disease 
T- TB
C-chronic liver disease 
A - analgesics/ alcohol abuse
r - renal transplant rejection
D-diabetes mellitus 
S- systemic vasculitis
87
Q

SANDman

A

Serotonin; start sleep

Acetylcholine - REM sleep, erections

NE - low in REM, ratio is trigger for REM sleep

Dopamine - arousal and wakefulness - rise with waking

88
Q

HAMARTOMAS

A 
Hamartomas in CNS and skin 
Angiofibromas (adenoma sebacum)
Mitral regurgitation 
Ash-leaf spots 
Rhabdomyoma (cardiac) 
Tuberous sclerosis
autosomal dOminant 
Mental retardation 
Angiomyolipoma - renal 
Seizures, Shagreen patches
89
Q

mnemonic WAGR syndrome

A

associated with
-Wilms Tumor, WT1 gene

  • Aniridia - lack of iris
  • Gu abnormalities - hypospadias - where the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis
  • mental Retardation

Deletion of 11p13

90
Q

mnemonic for causes of bladder cancer

P SAC

A

Phenacetin (analgesic - long term use)
Smoking, Schistosoma haematobium
Aromatic Amines -(naphthylamine), Aristolochic acid
Cyclophosphamide

91
Q

1st of all MEN love pancakes, boners, and boobs.

A

MEN1 mutation

  • pancreatic endocrine neoplasms (insulinoma, gastrinoma, somatostatinoma, VIPomas)
  • parathyroid hyperplasia (PTH, increase calcium and phosphorous)
  • pituitary adenoma (most commonly prolactinoma - all the other ones but rarely TSH, LH, or FSH (negligible)
92
Q

MOTEL PASS: neural crest derivatives

A 
melanocytes 
Odontolasts 
Tracheal cartilage 
Enterochromaffin cells - ECL cells 
Laryngeal cartilage 
Parafollicular cells 
Adrenal medulla and All Ganglia 
Scwann cells 
Spiral membrane
93
Q

IP3: Great Gains Through Adherent Oxen in Ancient History

A 
GRH
Gastrin
TRH
ADH
Oxytocin
ip3 
Angiotensin 2 
Histamine 1
94
Q

Intracellular receptors PET CAT inside TV

A

Progesterone
Estrogen
Testosterone

Corticosteroids 
Aldosterone 
T3
T4
VitD
95
Q

JAK grows PIGGLETS early for dinner plates

A 
JAK-STAT (nonreceptor tyrosine kinase) 
Prolactin 
Immunomodulaters (cytokines, IL-2, IL-6, IFN)
Growth Hormone
G-CSF
Erythropoietin 
Thrombopoietin

Early - erythorpoetin
Platelets
Grows - growth hormone

96
Q

Granny is a Creepy CRONE on the CobbleSTONE Road, ASC her

Underground Crypt

A

Crohns Disease: granulomas, creeping fat, coblestone mucosa, kidney stone, ASCA: anti-Saccharomyces cervisae antibodies
Underground Crypt: crypt abscesses in UC, fire doesn’t affect crypt, ulcers = blood,

97
Q

Contraindicated antibiotics in pregnancy MCAT

A

Metronidazole
Chloramphenicol: binds reversibly to the 50s ribosome, halts translation, empiric tx for meningitis in developing countries, ricketsia
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines

98
Q

The large, dumb, wheezing gargoyle hurled Lids of Heparin

A 
Hurlers 
Corneal clouding 
L-iduronidase 
Heparan sulfate, dermatan sulfate 
developmental delay, 
gargolyism - upturned nose, thick gums widespaced eyes 
airway obstruction
hepatosplenomegaly
99
Q

Valentines presents fat, tremoring lively gassy babies

A

Valproic acid - useful for focal, toninc clonic, abscence, JME. It increases sodium channel inactivation and decreases breakdown of GABA. GI distress most common side effect, along with fulminant hepatic necrosis, pancreatitis, neural tube defects, tremor, weight gain, teratogen, CYP450 inhbiitor

Z (22 decks)

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