Endocrine Flashcards
SIADH vs DI
ADH’s job is to act on the kidneys to promote water reabsorption. Diabetes insipidus, or DI, there is too little ADH.
Diabetes insipidus (DI) is defined as the passage of large volumes (>3 L/24 hr) of dilute urine (< 300 mOsm/kg). It has the following 2 major forms:
Central (neurogenic, pituitary, or neurohypophyseal) DI, characterized by decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH; also referred to as arginine vasopressin [AVP])
Nephrogenic DI, characterized by decreased ability to concentrate urine because of resistance to ADH action in the kidney
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Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion , or SIADH, in which there is too much ADH.
Defined by the hyponatremia and hypo-osmolality resulting from inappropriate, continued secretion or action of the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) despite normal or increased plasma volume, which results in impaired water excretion. The key to understanding the pathophysiology, signs, symptoms, and treatment of SIADH is the awareness that the hyponatremia results from an excess of water rather than a deficiency of sodium
What is the difference between Diabetes 1 and 2
autoimmune vs decreased insulin sensitivity
Type 1 diabetes is an AUTOIMMUNE condition. This means that the body’s immune system turns on itself; in this case, it attacks the beta cells of the pancreas. These are the cells that produce insulin. As a result, the pancreas produces very little, if any, insulin.
Treatment: There’s no cure for Type 1 diabetes. Treatment consists of infusing insulin with a syringe, insulin pen, or insulin pump. There’s also an ultra-rapid-acting inhalable form of insulin, but someone with Type 1 diabetes still needs to inject a long-acting insulin, as well. At this time, there’s no oral form of insulin available.
Type 2 diabetes is not an autoimmune condition. Rather, it’s a chronic condition that affects how the body uses glucose. Type 2 diabetes generally results in part from insulin resistance, which means that the body has difficulty using insulin, along with abnormal insulin secretion. As a result, glucose builds up in the bloodstream. Some people label Type 2 diabetes as being “not as serious” as Type 1 diabetes; however, both forms of diabetes are equally serious as they can both lead to complications, including heart disease, eye disease, kidney disease, and nerve damage.
