MMT Flashcards
Capital Extension
Muscles: capital extensors Pt prone with head off table "Look at the wall" Grade 2: pt supine w/ head supported "look back at me without lifting your head" Partial ROM
Cervical Extension
Muscles: Cervical extensors Pt prone with head off table "Push up on my hand but keep looking at the ground" Grade 2: supine w/ head supported "Push your head into my hands" Partial ROM
Combined Neck Extension
Muscles: capital and cervical extensors Pt prone w/ head off the table "Lift your head and look at the ceiling" Grade 2: Pt prone with head supported "try to raise your head and look at ceiling Partial ROM
Capital Flexion
Muscles: Capital flexors
Pt supine with head on table
“Tuck your chin”
Grade 2: Partial ROM
Cervical Flexion
Muscles: neck flexors and SCM Pt supine w/ head supported on table "Bring your head off the table keeping your eyes on the ceiling and your shoulders on the table" Grade 2: roll head to left and right Partial ROM
Combined Cervical Flexion
Muscles: neck flexors and SCM Pt supine w/ head supported on table "Bring your head up until your chin is on your chest without raising your shoulders off the table" Grade 2: roll head left and right Partial ROM
Combined flexion to isolate a single SCM
Muscle: SCM Pt supine w/ head on table and turned "lift your head up keeping it turned" Grade 2: roll head left and right Partial ROM
Lumbar Spine Extension
Muscles: Lumbar Extensors Pt prone w/ hands clasped behind head "Raise your head, shoulders, and chest off the table" Grade 2: arms by side Partial ROM
Thoracic Spine Extension
Muscles: Thoracic Extensors
Pt prone w/ head and upper trunk off table (nipple line)
“Raise shoulders and chest to table level”
Grade 2: pt prone w/ arms at side
Partial ROM
Elevation of Pelvis
Muscle: QL (cannot palpate)
Pt supine
“Hike your pelvis to bring it up to your ribs”
Grade 2: partial ROM
Trunk Flexion
Muscles: Rectus Abdominals
Pt supine with arms by side (grade 3), arms across chest (grade 4), hands behind head (grade 5)
“Keep chin pointed at ceiling and lift your head, shoulders, and back off table”
Grade 2: Pt can lift head off table but cannot clear scaps. OR
Cannot lift head, but when cradled can contract or cough
Grade 1: no rib cage depression
Trunk Rotation
Muscle: Internal and External Obliques
Pt prone w/ arms by side (grade 3), arms across chest (grade 4), hands behind head (grade 5)
“Lift shoulder toward opposite knee”
Grade 2: unable to clear scapula
Diaphragm (quiet inspiration)
Muscle: diaphragm Pt supine "take a deep breath and hold it" Grade 5: can resist 100 lbs of pressure Grade 4: yields under max resistance Grade 3: cannot tolerate resistance Grade 2: partial rise
Scapular Abduction and Upward Rotation
Muscle: Serratus Anterior
“Bring your arm up and reach fro target on the wall”
Grade 2: scapula abducts and rotates smoothly with arm supported
Grade 2-: scapula abducts and rotates irregularly
Scapular elevation
Muscle: Upper Traps
Pt seated
“shrug your shoulders”
Grade 2: pt prone or supine and can complete full ROM w/o gravity
Scapular Adduction
Muscle: middle traps
Pt prone with arm abducted to 90 and elbow bent
“Lift your elbow toward the ceiling”
Grade 2: Completes full ROM w/ arm supported
Scapular Depression and Adduction
Muscles: Lower Traps
Pt prone with arm abducted to 145 and thumbs up
“Raise your arm from the table as high as possible”
Grade 2: Completes full ROM w/ arm supported
Scapular Adduction and Downward Rotation
Muscles: Rhomboids
Pt prone w/ hand behind back
“Lift your hand”
Grade 2: pt seated w/ arm supported behind back. Can complete full ROM
Scapular Flexion
Muscles: anterior deltoid
Pt seated
“raise your arm forward to shoulder height”
Grade 2: completes partial ROM
Shoulder Extension
Muscle: Posterior Deltoid
Pt Prone with arm by side
“Lift your arm as high as you can”
Grade 2: completes partial ROM
Shoulder Abduction
Muscle: Middle deltoid and supraspinatus
Pt seated
“Lift your arm to the side”
Grade 2: completes partial ROM
Shoulder Horizontal Abduction
Muscle: Posterior deltoid
Pt prone, arm abducted to 90, elbow straight
“Lift elbow toward ceiling”
Grade 2: seated with arm supported at 90 abduction. Completes ROM w/o gravity
Shoulder horizontal adduction
Muscle: Pectoralis Major (whole, sternal, and clavicular)
Pt supine. Shoulder abducted to 90, elbow flexed
“Move your arm across your chest”
Grade 2: completes ROM w/ arm supported
Shoulder External Rotation
Muscles: infraspinatus and teres major
Pt sitting with elbow bent at 90
“Push your forearm away from your stomach”
Grade 2: Completes ROM w/ arm supported
Shoulder Internal Rotation
Muscles: subscapularis
Pt sitting with elbow bent at 90
“Move your forearm toward your stomach”
Grade 2: Completes ROM w/ arm supported
Elbow Flexion
Muscles: biceps, brachioradialis, brachialis
Pt seated
“bend your elbow”
Grade 2: completes ROM w/ arm supported and abducted to 90
Elbow Extension
Muscle: Triceps
Pt prone, 90 abduction, elbow flexed
“Straighten your elbow”
Grade 2: pt seated, arm supported at 90 abduction. Pt completes available ROM
Forearm Supination
Muscles: Supinator, biceps
Pt sitting with forearm pronated
“Turn your arm up”
Grade 2: Beyonce
Forearm Pronation
Muscles: pronator teres, pronator quadratus
Pt seated with forearm supinated
“Turn your palm down”
Grade 2: Beyonce
Wrist Flexion
Muscles: Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris
Pt seated, forearm supinated and supported on the table
“bend your wrist”
Grade 2: forearm midway between supination and pronation. Completes available ROM
Wrist Extension
Muscles: Extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris
Pt seated, forearm pronated and supported on the table
“Bring your wrist up”
Grade 2: forearm midway between pronation and supination. Completes available ROM
Finger MP Flexion
Muscles: Lumbricals and interossei
Pt seated w/ forearm supinated
“Uncurl your fingers while flexing your knuckles”
Grade 2: hand in midposition moves through complete ROM
PIP flexion (fingers)
Muscles: flexor digitorum superficialis
Pt seated with forearm supine
“Bend your finger”
Grade 2: forearm in midposition completes ROM
MP Finger extension
Muscles: Extensor digitorum (all MP joints); Extensor indicis (MP of index); Extensor digitorum minimi (MP of 5th)
Pt sitting with hand prone
“Bend your knuckles back
Grade 2: forearm in midposition completes ROM
DIP Flexion (fingers)
Muscle: flexor digitorum profundus
Pt seated, forearm supinated
“Bend finger tip”
Grade 2: forearm midposition completes available ROM
Finger Abduction
Muscle: dorsal interossei
Pt seated w/ forearm prone
“Spread your fingers”
Grade 2: partial ROM
Finger Adduction
Muscle: palmar interossei
Pt seated w/ forearm prone
“Hold your fingers together”
Grade 2: partial ROM (cannot palpate)
Thumb MP extension
Muscle: Extensor pollicis brevis
Forearm in midposition
“Bring your thumb toward the ceiling”
Grade 2: Partial ROM
Thumb IP extension
Muscle: Extensor Pollicis Longus
Forearm in midposition
“Straighten the end of your thumb”
Grade 2: forearm pronated completes ROM
Abductor Pollicis Longus Test
Muscle: Abductor pollicis longus
Forearm supinated, wrist in neutral
“Lift thumb straight up”
Grade 2: partial ROM
Abductor pollicis brevis
Muscle: abductor pollicis brevis
Forearm supinated
Grade 2: forearm in midposition partial ROM
Thumb adduction
Muscle: Adductor pollicis
Forearm pronated with thumb abducted
“Bring your thumb up to your index finger”
Grade 2: forearm in midposition completes full ROM
Hip Flexion
Muscle: Iliopsoas
Pt short sitting
“Lift your leg off the table”
Grade 2: sidelying completes ROM
Flexion, abduction, and external rotation with knee flexion
Muscle: Sartorius
Pt short sitting
“slide your heel up your shin”
Grade 2: supine completes ROM
Hip Extension
Glute max and hamstrings
Pt prone with leg straight
“Lift your leg off table without bending your knee”
Grade 2: sidelying completes ROM
Hip Abduction
Muscle: Glute med and min
Pt side lying
“lift your leg up in the air”
Grade 2: supine completes ROM
Hip abduction from flexed position
Muscle: TFL
Pt side lying with hip flexed to 45
“Lift your leg”
Grade 2: long sitting abducts to 30
Hip External Rotation
Muscle: deep rotators
Pt short sitting
“don’t let me turn your leg out”
Grade 2: supine, rolls leg out
Hip internal rotation
Muscles:Glute min, med, and TFL
Pt short sitting
move ankle laterally
Grade 2: supine, rolls leg in
Knee Flexion
Muscles: hamstrings
Pt prone
“Bend your knee”
Grade 2: sidelying completes ROM
Knee Extension
Muscles: quads
Pt short sitting
“straighten your knee”
Grade 2: sidelying completes ROM
Ankle Plantarflexion
Muscles: gastroc, soleus Pt completes heel raises Grade 5= 25+ Grade 4= 2-24 Grade 3= 1 Grade 2: pt prone and can complete ROM w/ resistance Grade 2-: partial ROM
Dorsiflexion and Inversion
Muscle: tibialis anterior
Pt short sitting
“Bring your foot up and in”
Grade 2: partial ROM
Foot inversion
Muscle: Tibialis posterior
Pt short sitting
“Bring your foot down and in”
Grade 2: partial ROM
Foot eversion with plantarflexion
Muscles: fibularis longus and brevis
Pt short sitting
“turn your foot down and out”
Grade 2: partial ROM
Toe MP flexion
muscle: lumbricals
Pt sitting w/ foot in PT lap
“bend your toes over my finger”
Grade 2: Partial ROM
Toe DIP flexion
Msucle: flexor digitorum longus
Pt sitting w/ foot in PT lap
“bend your toes over my finger”
Grade 2: partial ROM
Toe PIP flexion
Muscle: Flexor digitorum brevis
Pt sitting w/ foot in PT lap
“bend your toes over my finger”
Grade 2: partial ROM
Hallux MP flexion
Muscle: Flexor hallucis brevis
Pt long sitting with feet off table
“Bend your big toe over my finger”
Grade 2: partial ROM
Hallux IP flexion
Muscle: flexor hallucis longus
Pt long sitting with feet off table
“Bend your big toe over my finger”
Grade 2: partial ROM
Hallux and Toe MP and IP extension
Muscles: Extensor digitorum longus, brevis, extensor hallucis longus
Pt sitting with foot in PT lap
“Straighten your toes”
Grade 2: partial ROM
Jaw opening (mandibular depression)
Muscles: Lateral pterygoid "Open your mouth as wide as you can" Functional: 3+ fingers Weak functional: 2 fingers Non functional: minimial motion 0: no voluntary depression
Jaw closing (mandibular elevation)
Muscles: Masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid
“Clench your teeth as tight as you ca”
Functional: PT cannot open jaw
Weak Functional: Jaw opens under pressure
No Function: Jaw opens w/ little resistance
0: cannot functionally close mouth
Lateral Jaw deviation
Muscles: lateral and medial pterygoid
Pt deviates jaw to side
Functional: center point moves over 3 teeth
Weak functional: motion over 1 tooth
No function: minimal deviation, no resistance
0: no motion
Jaw protrusion
Muscles: Medial and lateral pterygoids
Functional: lower teeth protrudes over upper teeth and holds strong resistance
Weak function: no gap, slight resistance
No function: minimal motion, no resistance
0: no movement
