MMI Topic 13 part c

Question 1

What is a hypersensitivity

Answer 1

an overreaction of the immune system, i.e. where the immune system reacts to something it would normally ignore

Question 2

What is an autoimmune disease

Answer 2

a condition in which your immune system mistakenly attacks your own body

Question 3

What is an allergy

Answer 3

a localized or systemic reaction to the release of inflammatory molecules in response to something that is normally harmless to most people

Question 4

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 4

a disabling autoimmune disease in which Ab complexes are trapped in the joint and attack a protein found at joint surfaces and inflammation occurs

Question 5

Describe primary immunodeficiencies

Answer 5

can be genetic or developmental

Question 6

Describe acquired immunodeficiencies

Answer 6

Can be brought on by malnutrition, stress, chronic disease, an infection (HIV)

Question 7

Describe AIDS

Answer 7

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. A group of symptoms and diseases associated with a decrease in T cells and the presence of HIV

Question 8

Describe HIV

Answer 8

Human Immunodeficiency Virus. HIV infects lymphocytes and leads to general failure of the immune system

Question 9

Describe HAART

Answer 9

Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment is a treatment for HIV/AIDS

Question 10

What are two types of hypersensitivities

Answer 10

1. Allergies

2. Autoimmune diseases

Question 11

What are two types of immunodeficiencies

Answer 11

1. SCID- infants don’t develop antibody-mediated immunity

2. AIDS- viral infection of T cells

Question 12

Distinguish between HIV and AIDS

Answer 12

HIV is a virus where AIDS is a condition caused by that virus

Question 13

Describe the HIV lifecycle

Answer 13

The glycoprotein on HIV attaches to the T cells which allows the viral envelope to fuse with the host cell membrane to allow viral genome to enter the host cell.
HIV is a retrovirus that has reverse transcriptase and integrase to plant viral DNA into host DNA making it last forever

Question 14

Describe the Progression of an HIV/AIDS infection

Answer 14

1. Acute phase- mono-like illness
2. Asymptomatic Phase- clinical latency of virus
3. Symptomatic phase- 2 parts
   i. ARC (AIDS-Related Complex) persistent opportunistic infections
   ii. Clinical AIDS- defined by a number of indicator conditions

Question 15

Why is there no vaccine for HIV

Answer 15

HIV mutates rapidly and because of the variability of HIV there is no effective vaccine

Question 16

How is AIDS diagnosed

Answer 16

Infection is typically diagnosed by detection of antibodies against HIV

Question 17

Treatment of AIDS/HIV

Answer 17

HAART is a cocktail arrangement of treatments because HIV mutates rapidly and easily gains resistance to one drug