211 Unit #1/2

Question 1

Suppose you polled our class regarding their movie preferences and obtain the information below (Comedy=4, action=5, romance=6, drama=1, scifi=4) Which type of movie is enjoyed by the most people?

a. Action
b. Sci-fi
c. Romance
d. Comedy

Answer 1

c. romance

Question 2

In a recent study, the research team said that they wanted to explore the impact of age, gender, diagnosis, and patient health engagement on shared decision making, symptom management, and quality of life. Identify the option below that correctly identifies their independent and dependent variables:

Select one:
a. independent variable(s): age
dependent variable(s): quality of life
b. independent variable(s): patient health engagement, shared decision making
dependent variable(s):  patient health engagement, shared decision making
c. independent variable(s):  patient health engagement
dependent variable(s):  shared decision making, symptom management
d. Independent variable(s): age, gender, diagnosis, patient health engagement 
dependent variables:  shared decision making, symptom management, quality of life.

Answer 2

d. Independent variable(s): age, gender, diagnosis, patient health engagement
dependent variables: shared decision making, symptom management, quality of life

Question 3

Please indicate the level of measurement most appropriate for the stated variable:

Hair color

Select one:

a. Interval
b. Nominal
c. Ordinal
d. Ratio

Answer 3

b. nominal

Question 4

Please indicate the level of measurement most appropriate for the stated variable:

Weight in kilograms

Select one:

a. Ratio
b. Nominal
c. Ordinal
d. Interval

Answer 4

a. ratio

Question 5

Please indicate the level of measurement most appropriate for the stated variable:

Temperature in degrees C (oC)

Select one:

a. Interval
b. Ratio
c. Nominal
d. Ordinal

Answer 5

a. interval

Question 6

Please indicate the level of measurement most appropriate for the stated variable:

Satisfaction (none, a little, a lot)

Select one:

a. Nominal
b. Interval
c. Ratio
d. Ordinal

Answer 6

d, ordinal

Question 7

A normal distribution is:

Select one:

a. is tall and narrow
b. skewed to the right
c. skewed to the left
d. bell shaped

Answer 7

d. bellshaped

Question 8

Suppose a measure of shared decision making administered to 100 individuals has a mean of 5 and a standard deviation of 1 and that the data are normally distributed.

What percentage of cases would you expect to find with scores of 3-5?

Select one:

a. 47.5
b. 95
c. 68
d. 34

Answer 8

a. 47.5

Question 9

You visited a zoo the other day and noted that there were 2 lions, 6 zebras, 2 lions, 2 elephants, 4 kangaroos, 4 tigers, and 5 chimpanzees.

What is the mode of this distribution?

Select one:

a. elephants
b. 6
c. 2
d. zebras

Answer 9

d.zebras

Question 10

Suppose you work at a public health clinic and obtained the following weights for the children who came in for their preschool immunizations today:

Joy: 14.5 kg

Peter: 15.5 kg

Ingrid: 13.5 kg

Markus: 14.9 kg

Tolu: 15 kg

Which of the following options correctly identifies the median and range of this distribution?

Select one:

a. Median: 14.9 kg; Range: 2 kg
b. Median: 15.5 kg; Range: 1.5 kg
c. Median: 14.5 kg; Range: 14.5-15 kg
d. Median: 13.5 kg; Range: 13.5-15.5 kg

Answer 10

a. Median: 14.9 kg; Range: 2 kg

Question 11

What is descriptive statistics?

Answer 11

procedures that allow reasearchers to describe and summarize data

Question 12

What is inferential statistics?

Answer 12

method of analysis used to test hypotheses about a population being studied

Question 13

What is nominal measurement? and an example

Answer 13

classifies objects into categories like gender, etc.

Question 14

What is ordinal measurement and an example

Answer 14

the relative ranking of objects. numbers assigned to each category can be compared and a member of a higher category is said to have more of an attribute than one in a lower category (i.e mild-severe)

Question 15

what is interval measurement and an example

Answer 15

shows ranking of events or objects on a scale with equal intervals between the numbers ie. temperature

Question 16

what is ratio measurement and an example

Answer 16

shows ranking of events or objects on scales with equal intervals and absolute zeros ie. height, weight, bp

Question 17

what is the highest level of measurement

Answer 17

ratio

Question 18

what are the two main groups of descriptive stats and what does each group include

Answer 18

Measures of central tendency (mean median mode)

measures of dispersion (standard deviation, range)

Question 19

what is frequency distribution

Answer 19

listing of the values for each variable from lowest to highest

Question 20

what is the mode and what is it used for

Answer 20

most frequent score or result, used for variables at the nominal level

Question 21

what is the mean and what is it used for

Answer 21

the average of all scores, used for variables measured at the interval and ratio level

Question 22

what is the median and what is it used for

Answer 22

middle score, used for variables measured at the ordinal, interval or ratio level

Question 23

what is range and what is it used for

Answer 23

the difference between the max and minimum values, used for ordinal, interval, and ratio data

Question 24

desribe percentile

Answer 24

percentage of cases a given score exceeds- the 90th percentile for height means that 90% are shorter and 10% are taller

Question 25

what is the most frequently used measure of variability

Answer 25

standard deviation

Question 26

describe standard deviation and what its used for

Answer 26

the average deviation of scores around the mean (how spread out the scores are). used for interval and ratio

Question 27

if the outliers are greater than the mean the curve becomes _____ and the tail is on the ________

Answer 27

positively skewed; right

Question 28

positive skew =_____

Answer 28

low range mean

Question 29

if the outliers are less than the mean the curve becomes _____ and the tail is on the _____

Answer 29

negatively skewed; left

Question 30

negative skew=____

Answer 30

high range mean

Question 31

what is a variable

Answer 31

an attribute or property in which organisms vary

Question 32

describe independent variables

Answer 32

the variable that has the presumed effect on the dependent variable. it is either manipulated or varied

Question 33

describe dependent variables

Answer 33

the presumed effect that varies with a change in the independent variable. it is not manipulated

Question 34

the outcome variable is called the _____

Answer 34

dependent variable

Question 35

the predictors of the outcome variable are called the ______

Answer 35

independent variables

Question 36

what are extraneous variables

Answer 36

a variable that confounds the relationship between IV and DV. needs to be controlled, either in relationship design or through statistical procedures to clarify relationships

Question 37

what are demographic variables

Answer 37

characteristics or attributes of the subjects ie. age, gender, education

Question 38

describe conceptual variables

Answer 38

provides theoretical meaning for the variable ‘dictionary’ like meaning

Question 39

describe operational variables

Answer 39

indicates how a variable will be observed or measured