211 Unit #1/2 Flashcards
Suppose you polled our class regarding their movie preferences and obtain the information below (Comedy=4, action=5, romance=6, drama=1, scifi=4) Which type of movie is enjoyed by the most people?
a. Action
b. Sci-fi
c. Romance
d. Comedy
c. romance
In a recent study, the research team said that they wanted to explore the impact of age, gender, diagnosis, and patient health engagement on shared decision making, symptom management, and quality of life. Identify the option below that correctly identifies their independent and dependent variables:
Select one: a. independent variable(s): age dependent variable(s): quality of life b. independent variable(s): patient health engagement, shared decision making dependent variable(s): patient health engagement, shared decision making c. independent variable(s): patient health engagement dependent variable(s): shared decision making, symptom management d. Independent variable(s): age, gender, diagnosis, patient health engagement dependent variables: shared decision making, symptom management, quality of life.
d. Independent variable(s): age, gender, diagnosis, patient health engagement
dependent variables: shared decision making, symptom management, quality of life
Please indicate the level of measurement most appropriate for the stated variable:
Hair color
Select one:
a. Interval
b. Nominal
c. Ordinal
d. Ratio
b. nominal
Please indicate the level of measurement most appropriate for the stated variable:
Weight in kilograms
Select one:
a. Ratio
b. Nominal
c. Ordinal
d. Interval
a. ratio
Please indicate the level of measurement most appropriate for the stated variable:
Temperature in degrees C (oC)
Select one:
a. Interval
b. Ratio
c. Nominal
d. Ordinal
a. interval
Please indicate the level of measurement most appropriate for the stated variable:
Satisfaction (none, a little, a lot)
Select one:
a. Nominal
b. Interval
c. Ratio
d. Ordinal
d, ordinal
A normal distribution is:
Select one:
a. is tall and narrow
b. skewed to the right
c. skewed to the left
d. bell shaped
d. bellshaped
Suppose a measure of shared decision making administered to 100 individuals has a mean of 5 and a standard deviation of 1 and that the data are normally distributed.
What percentage of cases would you expect to find with scores of 3-5?
Select one:
a. 47.5
b. 95
c. 68
d. 34
a. 47.5
You visited a zoo the other day and noted that there were 2 lions, 6 zebras, 2 lions, 2 elephants, 4 kangaroos, 4 tigers, and 5 chimpanzees.
What is the mode of this distribution?
Select one:
a. elephants
b. 6
c. 2
d. zebras
d.zebras
Suppose you work at a public health clinic and obtained the following weights for the children who came in for their preschool immunizations today:
Joy: 14.5 kg
Peter: 15.5 kg
Ingrid: 13.5 kg
Markus: 14.9 kg
Tolu: 15 kg
Which of the following options correctly identifies the median and range of this distribution?
Select one:
a. Median: 14.9 kg; Range: 2 kg
b. Median: 15.5 kg; Range: 1.5 kg
c. Median: 14.5 kg; Range: 14.5-15 kg
d. Median: 13.5 kg; Range: 13.5-15.5 kg
a. Median: 14.9 kg; Range: 2 kg
What is descriptive statistics?
procedures that allow reasearchers to describe and summarize data
What is inferential statistics?
method of analysis used to test hypotheses about a population being studied
What is nominal measurement? and an example
classifies objects into categories like gender, etc.
What is ordinal measurement and an example
the relative ranking of objects. numbers assigned to each category can be compared and a member of a higher category is said to have more of an attribute than one in a lower category (i.e mild-severe)
what is interval measurement and an example
shows ranking of events or objects on a scale with equal intervals between the numbers ie. temperature
what is ratio measurement and an example
shows ranking of events or objects on scales with equal intervals and absolute zeros ie. height, weight, bp
what is the highest level of measurement
ratio
what are the two main groups of descriptive stats and what does each group include
Measures of central tendency (mean median mode)
measures of dispersion (standard deviation, range)
what is frequency distribution
listing of the values for each variable from lowest to highest
what is the mode and what is it used for
most frequent score or result, used for variables at the nominal level
what is the mean and what is it used for
the average of all scores, used for variables measured at the interval and ratio level
what is the median and what is it used for
middle score, used for variables measured at the ordinal, interval or ratio level
what is range and what is it used for
the difference between the max and minimum values, used for ordinal, interval, and ratio data
desribe percentile
percentage of cases a given score exceeds- the 90th percentile for height means that 90% are shorter and 10% are taller
what is the most frequently used measure of variability
standard deviation
describe standard deviation and what its used for
the average deviation of scores around the mean (how spread out the scores are). used for interval and ratio
if the outliers are greater than the mean the curve becomes _____ and the tail is on the ________
positively skewed; right
positive skew =_____
low range mean
if the outliers are less than the mean the curve becomes _____ and the tail is on the _____
negatively skewed; left
negative skew=____
high range mean
what is a variable
an attribute or property in which organisms vary
describe independent variables
the variable that has the presumed effect on the dependent variable. it is either manipulated or varied
describe dependent variables
the presumed effect that varies with a change in the independent variable. it is not manipulated
the outcome variable is called the _____
dependent variable
the predictors of the outcome variable are called the ______
independent variables
what are extraneous variables
a variable that confounds the relationship between IV and DV. needs to be controlled, either in relationship design or through statistical procedures to clarify relationships
what are demographic variables
characteristics or attributes of the subjects ie. age, gender, education
describe conceptual variables
provides theoretical meaning for the variable ‘dictionary’ like meaning
describe operational variables
indicates how a variable will be observed or measured
