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1
Q

Medical Microbiology

A

The study of microorganisms that cause human disease

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2
Q

Antoni Van LeeuwenHoek (1632-1723)

A

Made the first simple microscope to view “animalcules” (microorganisms)

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3
Q

Koch and Pasteur

A

Credited with developing the Germ theory

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4
Q

Carolus Linnaeus

A

Developed system for naming and classifying plants, animals, and similar organisms together (Taxonomic systems)

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5
Q

Otto Muller

A

Grouped Leeuwenhoeks organisms into five categories: fungi, protozoa, alge, prokaryotes, small animals

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6
Q

Friedrich Henle(1840)

A

First proposed the germ theory

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7
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

Father of Microbiology

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8
Q

Robert Koch

A

Father of Microbiology Lab

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9
Q

John Snow (1854)

A

Studied Cholera

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10
Q

Koch’s Postulates

A
  1. Agent must be isolated and grown outside the host, 2. Suspected causative agent must be found in every case of the disease and be absent from healthy host, 3. When agent is introduced in healthy host, the host must get the disease, 4. Same agent must be re-isolated from diseased experimental host
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11
Q

Helicobacter Pylori

A

Gram Negative Bacteria that is thought to play a part in Ulcers and stomach lesions

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12
Q

Chemotherapy

A

Using chemicals to treat microbial infections

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13
Q

Paul Ehrlich (1910)

A

treated syphilis with arsenic compound

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14
Q

Alexander Fleming (1928)

A

Left out plates that caused penicillium chrysogenum to kill staph on a bacterial plate-helped with development of antibiotic (also discovered lysozyme)

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15
Q

Chain and Heatly in Florey’ lab (1940’s)

A

Developed a stable form for therapy with penecillin. Allies used it, Germans did not.

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16
Q

Gerhard Domagk (1935)

A

Sulfanilamide

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17
Q

Selman Waksman (1943)

A

Streptomycin

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18
Q

All currently used antivirals are _______

A

Synthetic

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19
Q

Anti-Microbial

A

General use-Kills microbes

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20
Q

Anti-Fungal

A

Kill Fungus

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21
Q

Anti-Parasitic

A

Kill Parasites

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22
Q

Microorganisms in Medical Microbiology

A

viruses, prokaryotes, fungi, parasites, prions

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23
Q

Prion examples

A

CJD, Bovine Spongioform Encephalopothy

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24
Q

Smallest Complex Pathogen with DNA or RNA genome (Also has a protein capsid and some have envelopes)

A

Virus

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25
Q

Size range of viruses

A

18-600 nm

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26
Q

How many different types of viruses are there?

A

3000+ viruses

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27
Q

How many different viruses infect humans and animals?

A

650+ viruses infect humans and animals

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28
Q

Viral Envelope is made of?

A

Lipids

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29
Q

Ivanovsky

A

TMV research

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30
Q

Reed

A

Yellow Fever Research

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31
Q

Rous

A

Rous Sarcoma Virus Research

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32
Q

Rabies Virus Shape

A

Bullet shape

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33
Q

Bacteria

A

Unicellular- Potentially Pathogenic prokaryotic organisms that reproduce asexually

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34
Q

Size of Bacteria

A

1-20 micrometer or larger

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35
Q

Two primary types of Bacteria

A

Gram positive and Gram Negative

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36
Q

Number of bacterial species on or in the human body

37
Q

3 basic shapes of bacterial species

A

Rods, Cocci, and spirals

38
Q

Number of names bacterial species

A

6250 named species

39
Q

Human Microbiome Project

A

Research project meant to study and identify the different types of microbes that take residence in the human body

40
Q

Gram Negative Stain Color

41
Q

Gram Positive Stain Color

42
Q

Fungi

A

Eukaryotic Yeasts or Molds-Opportunistic

43
Q

Yeasts

A

Unicellular fungi with asexual reproduction

44
Q

Mold

A

Filamentous with Asexual or sexual reproduction

45
Q

Dimorphic fungi

A

Can assume both yeast and mold form depending on situation

46
Q

Medical Mycology

A

Study of Fungi medically

47
Q

Saprobes

A

Feed on dead organic material

48
Q

Aspergillus

A

Common Mold

49
Q

Penicillium

A

Filamentous Fungus that has spores and hypha

50
Q

Parasites

A

Eukaryotic Complex Microbes with extremely complex life cycles

51
Q

Unicellular Protozoa size

A

1-2 micrometers

52
Q

Multicellular Helminths Types

A

Worms, flatworms, and roundworms

53
Q

Size of multicellular Helminths

A

1 micrometer to 10 meters

54
Q

Nematodes are also called __________

A

Roundworms

55
Q

Paramecium

A

Non-pathogenic Protozoa

56
Q

Giardia

A

Unicellular Protozoa that can cause gastroenteritis

57
Q

Trypanosoma brucei

A

Nematode that can cause sleeping sickness

58
Q

Arthropods Examples

A

Ticks, Mosquitos, fleas

59
Q

Kissing Bug

A

Arthropod that Causes Chagas Disease and sucks blood from host

60
Q

naegleria fowleri

A

Amoeba-Have pseudopods (Cause deadly infection that eats away at brain)

61
Q

Disease Carried by Ticks

A

Lime disease

62
Q

Disease carried by Mosquito

A

Yellow Fever

63
Q

Disease caused by Fleas

64
Q

Vectors

A

Transmitted to host

65
Q

Immunology

A

Study of the immune system

66
Q

Bacteriology

A

Study of Bacteria and archaea

67
Q

Phycology

A

Study of Algae

68
Q

Mycology

A

Study of Fungi

69
Q

Protozoology

A

Study of Protozoa

70
Q

Parasitology

A

Study of parasitic protozoa

71
Q

Virology

A

Study of Viruses

72
Q

Environmental Microbiology

A

Relationships between microbes and among microbes, other organisms, and their environments

73
Q

Serology

A

Study of Antibodies in blood serum,

74
Q

Etiology

A

Study of Cause of disease

75
Q

Why do we study Microbial Disease?

A

Study in order to understand and to control them within society

76
Q

Strict Pathogen

A

Always Pathogenic

77
Q

Opportunistic Pathogens

A

Cause disease under particular circumstances (usually already in the body)

78
Q

Exogenous Infections

A

Due to exposure to organisms from an external source (Examples include Most viruses, C. tetani, N. gonorrheae)

79
Q

Endogenous Infections

A

Due to organisms that are part of a persons microbial flora (Staph, strep, e. coli)

80
Q

Macroscopic Morphology

A

Technique used to study and determine characteristics by the colonies on a plate of bacteria

81
Q

Microscopic morphology

A

Look at plates under a microscope, including the use of stains, etc

82
Q

Phage typing

A

Technique used to determine bacteria based on bacteriophage that infects the species

83
Q

Antibiogram Patterns

A

Techniques used to determine bacteria based on the antibiotics that kill the bacterial colonies

84
Q

16s rRNA analysis

A

Primary identification process used-Base sequence of RNA determined

85
Q

Dichotomous Keys

A

Series of paired statements worded so that only one of two “either/or” choices apples to any particular situation

86
Q

Genotypic Classification and Identification of Bacteria Techniques

A

GC/AT ratio, DNA Hybridization, Nucleic Acid sequence analysis, Plasmid analysis, Ribotyping, Chromosomal DNA fragment analysis using restriction enzymes

87
Q

Analytical Classification of Bacteria

A

Cell wall fatty Acid analysis, Whole Cell lipid analysis, Whole Cell protein analysis, Multifocus locus enzyme electrophoresis, Glycosylation analysis

88
Q

What is Rabbit Fever?

A

Another name for Tularemia. Vectors include ticks and mosquitos.

89
Q

What is the germ theory?

A

Theory that diseases are caused by microorganisms that can only be viewed with microscopes or specialized lenses.

Med Micro Exam 1 (4 decks)

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