MKSAP HemeOnc VI Flashcards
____ is a fertility preservation surgery for patients who have stage IA cervical cancer, defined as microscopic disease without visible tumor.
Conization, or excision of a cone-shaped portion of the cervix
In patients with low-risk, early-stage hormone receptor–positive breast cancer, use of ____ for ___ years has been shown to decrease the risk for breast cancer recurrence and breast cancer mortality.
tamoxifen; 10
What is annastrozole?
An aromatase inhibitor used to treat breast cancer in postmenopausal women only (post menopause, estrogen is not made in ovaries but in fat and muscle through aromatase)
All patients with classic Hodgkin lymphoma, regardless of stage, receive ____, usually the doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine regimen, obviating the need for staging laparotomy and splenectomy.
chemotherapy, no bone marrow biopsy needed either in the absence of unexplained blood abnormalities
What is olaparib?
Monotherapy for BRCA-mutated advanced ovarian cancer prebiously treated with three or more lines of chemo (it is an oral poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor)
For women who desire future childbearing who are medically stable, initiation of chemotherapy can be delayed for a brief time to allow assessment by a ____.
fertility specialist
Current guidelines recommend BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing for all women with ___.
epithelial ovarian cancer, regardless of age of onset, family history, or ancestry
The initial treatment for gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma associated with Helicobacter pylori infection is ____.
proton pump inhibitor and antibiotic therapy.
Eradication of H. pylori infection is associated with a high rate of response and long-term remission for these tumors and is the treatment of choice given its efficacy and ease of use. Regression of these lymphomas occurs slowly, and serial endoscopy will be needed to document this patient’s response to therapy.
Patients with lobular carcinoma in situ and atypical hyperplasia are candidates for _____.
chemoprophylaxis with antiestrogens.
Premenopause: tamoxifen
Postmenopause: raloxifene and aromatase inhibitors (exemestane or anastrozole)
Tamoxifen and raloxifene are contraindicated in pt’s with hx of DVT
Staging of patients with colorectal cancer should include a _____ of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis to determine the extent of the cancer and to establish a baseline for surveillance
contrast-enhanced CT scan (NOT PET/CT)
____ adjuvant therapy for ductal carcinoma in situ in postmenopausal patients younger than age 60 years decreases the risk of recurrent ipsilateral and contralateral breast cancer but does not decrease overall survival
Anastrozole (NOT raloxifene which can only be used for breast cancer ppx in patients with atypical breast lesions or in patients with strong family history of breast cancer but it is not an effective option for hormonal therapy in patients who have DCIS or invasive cancers)
For nonsquamous metastatic NON–small cell lung cancer, testing for ____ in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), ALK, and ROS1 genes informs treatment options; patients with ____ derive significant benefit from treatment with ERLOTINIB, whereas those with ALK translocations and ROS1 mutations derive similar benefit from crizotinib.
molecular alterations; EGFR mutations
____ is a reasonable option in men with low-risk or very-low-risk prostate cancer who have a life expectancy of at least 10 years; active surveillance consists of scheduled assessments that include digital rectal examination, prostate-specific antigen measurement, and prostate biopsy.
Active surveillance (vs observation which is just watching and treating with palliative care if symptoms occur. Mostly for old people with limited life expectancy.)
Diagnosis and classification of lymphoma are generally established based on ____.
lymph node biopsy (if an FNA is undiagnostic or negative (not sensitive); you have to take the whole thing out if LAD is persistant)
