MKSAP HemeOnc IX Flashcards
Patients with ______ lymphoma who are not symptomatic may survive many years without the need for therapy.
nonbulky follicular lymphoma
5, 6, 7, 8 acronym for TLS
Phos>5
K>6
Ca<7
Uric acid>8
When should breast cancer screening start for patients with history of chest wall radiation?
begin at age 25 years or 8 years after completion of radiation therapy, whichever is last
Patients with widely metastatic hormone receptor–positive, HER2-negative breast cancer can benefit from combination
antiestrogen therapy with ____.
palbociclib
How is Stage III CRC defined?
Mets to local-regional lymph nodes (Stage IIIC is deined by mets to four or more nodes)
The FOLFOX regimen of 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin or oxaliplatin with oral capecitabine (CAPOX) is the most appropriate adjuvant therapy for stage ____ colon cancer.
three (radiation not routine part of management
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is common in patients with ____; a direct antiglobulin (Coombs) test can confirm the diagnosis and guide treatment.
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Test all patients newly diagnosed with metastatic non−small cell lung cancer for driver mutations (if positive then give small molecule inhibitors like ____) and _____ expression to see if you can give pembrolizumab
erlotinib; programmed cell death ligand 1
Young men with poorly differentiated carcinoma that is characterized by centrally located bulky retroperitoneal or mediastinal lymphadenopathy may have an _____ and are best treated with a platinum-based chemotherapy regimen.
unrecognized germ cell tumor
____ predictive tumor markers identify which therapies are more likely to be effective.
Inclusionary
For example, specific BRAF-targeted treatment, such as vemurafenib and dabrafenib, is indicated only in the subset of patients in whom the BRAF V600E mutation is found, and patients with this mutation are predicted to respond favorably to these agents.
An _____ predictive marker excludes patients from treatment that otherwise might have been used.
exclusionary
Examples of exclusionary predictive markers are the KRAS or NRAS mutations in patients with colorectal cancer, the presence of which would exclude the activity of an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)−targeted therapy. Patients with these gene mutations have disease that is not only found to be highly resistant to these agents, but they can also experience accelerated tumor growth with the use of such treatments.
____ markers would quantitate a patient’s risk of recurrence but would not indicate whether the outcome was more or less likely to be influenced by a certain treatment or intervention.
Prognostic
Before histologic confirmation of testicular cancer, ____ and ____ levels should be measured to most accurately determine stage and prognosis.
α-fetoprotein and β-human chorionic gonadotropin
The serum α-fetoprotein level is never elevated in patients with pure seminomas, and β-human chorionic gonadotropin is elevated in only approximately 20% of patients with pure seminomas. Nonseminomatous germ cell tumors can contain elements of seminoma, but those elements are mixed with tumors with nonseminomatous histologies, which include yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, and embryonal carcinoma. This distinction is important for determining the correct treatment. However, these measurements do not determine diagnosis and are not a substitute for histologic evaluation. Because levels will fall after orchiectomy, measurement before surgery is recommended. Failure of the levels to fall suggests inadequate therapy, and elevation of the levels after treatment suggests recurrent disease.
How is stage III NSCLC defined?
presence of mediastinal lymphadenopathy
Upper gastrointestinal tumors should be assessed for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (____) amplification to guide chemotherapy.
HER2
Approximately 25% of gastroesophageal cancers demonstrate HER2 amplification; such tumors achieve a superior response to chemotherapy when the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab is added to standard chemotherapy.
