Mixtures and Their Separation Flashcards
What can matter be classified into?
Matter can be classified into pure substances and mixtures.
What are the general properties of a pure substance?
A PURE SUBTAMCE IS ONLY COMPOSED OF ONE TYPE OF MATERIAL and has the following properties:
- They have a fixed, constant composition
- Their properties are fixed and constant
- The component parts parts of a pure substance cannot be separated by physical means
What are the general characteristics of mixtures?
- They have a variable composition
- Their properties are variable since their components retain their own individual properties
- The component parts of mixtures can be separated by physical means.
What are the fixed properties of pure substances?
The fixed properties of pure substances are:
They have a sharply defined, constant melting and freezing point
They are a sharply defined constant boiling point
They have a constant density
What is an element?
An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any simpler substances by any ordinary chemical or physical means. It is the simplest form of matter.
What is a compound?
A compound is a pure substance that contains two or more different types of elements which are bonded together chemically in fixed proportions and in such a way that their properties have changed.
What is a mixture?
A mixture consists of two or more substances (elements and/ or compounds) physically combined together in varying proportions. Each component retains its own independent properties and has undergone no chemical reaction with any other substance in the mixture
What is a homogeneous mixture?
A homogeneous mixture is one i which the properties and composition are uniform throughout the mixture. E.g. salt water, metal alloys. A solution is an homogenous mixture
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
A heterogenous mixture is a non-uniform mixture.
What is a solution?
A solution is a homogeneous mixture consisting of two or more components, one of which is usually a liquid.
What is a suspension?
A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which minute, but visible, particles are dispersed in another substance, usually a liquid.
What is a colloid?
A colloid is a heterogenous mixture in which the particles of one substance are dispersed in another substance
What is solubility?
Solubility is the mass of solute that will saturate 100g of solvent at a given temperature.
What is a saturated solution?
A saturated solution is a solution which contains as much solute as can be dissolved at a given temperature, in the presence of undissolved solute.
In terms of solubility, as temperature increases, solubility…..
…increases.
