Chemical Bonding - The easy stuff Flashcards
Atoms can achieve a noble gas configuration by bonding with other atoms. What are the three ways that it can occur?
- They can donate one or more valence electrons to another atom
- They can gain one or more valence electrons from another atom
- They can share valence electrons with another atom
What are the three main types of chemical bonding?
- Covalent Bonding,
- Ionic Bonding,
- Metallic Bonding, the bonding between metal atoms
What is covalent bonding?
Covalent bonding is the sharing of electrons between non metal atoms to form molecules
What is ionic bonding?
Ionic bonding is TRANSFER of (valence electrons) from metal atom(s) to non- metal atom(s) to form an ionic substance
What is a chemical bond?
A chemical bond is the force of attraction between atoms that results from the redistribution of their electrons.
What are the three main types of chemical formulae?
Molecular formula
structural formula
Empirical Formula
What is molecular formula?
a chemical formula that gives the total number of atoms of each element present in one molecule of a compound using subscripts
What is structural formula?
A diagrammatic representation of one molecule of the compound using lines between atoms to represent bonds
What is empirical Formula
the empirical formula gives the simplest whole number ratio between the elements in the compound using subscripts
What is valency (valence number)?
Valency (valence number) is the maximum number of bonds an atom can form when it bonds with other atoms.
What do ionic and covalent bonding both result in?
Ionic and covalent bonding both result is the formation of chemical compounds.
What are the properties of Ionic (Electrovalent) Bonding?
- They consist of ions.
- They are usually crystalline solids.
- They conduct electricity when melted (or molten) or when dissolved in water as the ions are
free to move and carry the electricity. However, they DO NOT conduct electricity in the solid
state as their ions are held together by strong bonds and are therefore not able to move. - They usually have high melting points and high boiling points as the strong ionic bonds require a
lot of energy to break. - They usually dissolve in water but do not usually dissolve in organic solvents such as ethanol.
What are the properties of covalent bonding?
- They consist of molecules.
- They are mostly liquids and gases.
- They DO NOT conduct electricity in any state as they are no ions or free electrons present.
- They have low melting points and boiling points.
- They are usually soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, but insoluble in water
What is a metallic bond?
The metallic bond is the chemical bond created by the electrostatic force of attraction between the positive cations and the moving delocalised negative electrons
What are the properties of metals?
- Metals have high melting and boiling point because of the strong forces of attraction between the cations and delocalised electrons.
- metals have high densities because the atoms are packed very closely together
- They are good conductors of electricity because the delocaised electrons are free to move and carry charge
- Metals are good conductors of heat because the delocalised electrons
- Metals are malleable and ductile because of their atom size
