Mixtures Flashcards
soluble substances
are able to dissolve in a liquid
insoluble substances
are unable to dissolve in a liquid
solvent
the liquid in which a substance dissolves
solute
a substance that dissolves in a liquid
solution
a mixture of a solute and a solvent
concentrated solution
contains a lot of solute in a little solvent
dilute solution
contains a little solvent in a lot of solvent
saturated solution
one in which no more solute will dissolve
solubility
the measure of the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance
Filtration
- Draw a diagram
- Explain what it is
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A method used to separate insoluble solids from a liquid by using filter paper to trap the solids.
e.g. soil and water
The residue is trapped in the filter paper, and the filtrate goes through.
Evaporation
- Draw a diagram
- Explain what it is
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A method used to separate soluble solids from a solution by evaporating off the liquid to leave the solid.
e.g. salt and water
The water evaporates, the salt remains on the clock glass and forms crystals.
Distillation
- Draw a diagram
- Explain what it is
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Used to separate
- soluble solid from a liquid to give a pure sample of each
e. g. copper sulfate from water - two liquids with different boiling points
e. g. alcohol and water
Alcohol boils at a lower temperature than water. (78C)
The alcohol evaporates first, condenses in the Liebig condenser and is collected.
Chromatography
- Draw a diagram
- Explain what it is
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A method used to separate dissolved substances in a solution
e.g. pigments in ink
The more soluble dyes stay in solution longer and get deposited up the chromatography paper.
miscible
liquids which are able to mix
i.e. water and ethanol
immiscible
liquids which are not able to mix
i.e. water and oil
