Mass and Matter + Classifying Materials

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 2

Mass

Answer 2

the amount of matter in an object

Question 3

Volume

Answer 3

the amount of space an object takes up

Question 4

unit for mass

Answer 4

kilogram (kg)

tonne (t), gram (g), milligram (mg)

Question 5

Gravity…

Answer 5

causes matter to have weight.

With gravity, objects with a large mass have a large weight and objects with a small mass have a small weight. This means that the weight of an object is directly proportional to its mass.

Question 6

Formula for weight

Answer 6

mass x gravity

Question 7

What instrument can measure both weight and mass?

Answer 7

Spring balance

• The extension of the spring is proportional to the weight of the object.
• The scale shows the mass of the object.

Question 8

Electronic Balance

Answer 8

displays the mass of an object

Question 9

Particles of Matter

Answer 9

atoms and molecules

Question 10

Solids

Answer 10

1. Have a definite shape
2. Have a definite volume
3. Cannot be easily compressed
4. Cannot flow

Particles are tightly packed together and don’t move.

Question 11

Liquids

Answer 11

1. Have no definite shape
2. Have a definite volume
3. Are not easily compressed
4. Are able to flow

Particles are less tightly packed together and flow.

Question 12

Gases

Answer 12

1. Have no definite shape
2. Have no definite volume
3. Can be easily compressed
4. Can flow

Particles move a lot and are spaced out.

Question 13

How is the state of matter identified?

Answer 13

By its properties

Question 14

How does matter change state?

Answer 14

Adding heat energy causes the particles in a substance to vibrate and spread out. This causes matter to change state.

Cooling removes heat energy and reduces the vibration of particles in a substance. This causes matter to contract as the particles vibrate less and take up less space.

Question 15

Draw a labelled diagram showing what happens when matter changes state.

Answer 15

-

Question 16

Physical Change

Answer 16

one in which no new substance is formed
- The particles remain the same

e.g. boiling water, sugar dissolving in water, mixing iron and sulfur.

Question 17

Chemical change

Answer 17

one in which a new substance is formed due to a chemical reaction.
-The particles are different and a change in energy has taken place.

e.g. burning wood, cooking an egg, heating iron and sulfur to form iron sulfide

Question 18

Conservation of mass

Answer 18

In a closed system, the total mass will remain the same even if there are physical or chemical changes. Matter is not created or destroyed, rather it changes from one form to another.

Question 19

Open system

Answer 19

In an open system, matter can enter or leave. The total mass may change if a chemical reaction takes place.

Question 20

Closed system

Answer 20

In a closed system, matter does not enter or leave. The total mass will remain the same even if physical or chemical changes occur.

Question 21

Draw two diagrams displaying the molecules of matter when a:

1. Physical change occurs
2. Chemical change occurs

Answer 21

-

Question 22

Pure substance

Answer 22

made of particles that are exactly the same as eachother

Question 23

Element

Answer 23

a pure substance which cannot be broken down into anything simpler even by chemical means.

e.g. argon, oxygen

Question 24

mixture

Answer 24

made up of two or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined.

e.g. air, tea

Question 25

compound

Answer 25

made up of two or more elements chemically combined.

e.g. water, sodium chloride

Question 26

atom

Answer 26

the smallest part of an element which still retains the properties of that element.

e.g. an atom of sodium

Question 27

molecule

Answer 27

the smallest part of an element or a compound that can exist independently

e.g. Cl2, H2