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PTI 213 > MIXING > Flashcards

MIXING Flashcards

1
Q

An operation used to change a non uniform system into a uniform one is known as

A

Mixing

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2
Q

Our importance of mixing are

A

To produce a uniform distribution
To produce dispersion
To promote reactions
To improve organoleptic properties

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3
Q

Three types of mixing are

A

Positive mixing
Neutral mixing
Negative mixing

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4
Q

A mixture formed when two or more miscible liquids are mixed together by simple diffusion process is

A

Positive mixing

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5
Q

Which type of mixing does not require energy

A

Positive mixing

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6
Q

Type of mixture formed when insoluble solids are mixed with a vehicle to form a suspension or two immiscible liquids are mixed to form an emulsion is

A

Negative mixing

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7
Q

Negative mixing requires

A

Continuous stirring

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8
Q

Which type of mixture is static in their behavior

A

Neutral

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9
Q

The type of mixture that it’s components does not have the tendency to mix spontaneously is known as

A

Negative mixing

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10
Q

The type of mixture in which when it’s components are mixed they are hardly separated out is

A

Negative mixing

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11
Q

Two equipments used in liquid mixing can be

A

Single -phase blending
Multi- phase mixing

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12
Q

The type of liquid mixer that requires a low shear and high flow mixers to cause liquid engulfment is

A

Single -phase blending

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13
Q

Which type of liquid mixer involves the mixing two or more miscible/ soluble liquids

A

Single -phase blending

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14
Q

Single -phase blending requires the mixing of two or more… miscible liquids/immiscible liquids

A

Miscible liquids

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15
Q

The type of liquid mixer that requires high shear and low mixer to create a droplets of one liquid in laminar, turbulent, transitional flow regimen depending on Reynolds number of flow is

A

Multi- phase mixing

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16
Q

Which type of liquid mixer involves liquid that are not miscible

A

Multi phase mixer

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17
Q

Single -phase and multi- phase mixing is an example of which mixer…

A

Liquid mixer

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18
Q

Turbulent and transitional mixer uses …

A

Turbine and impellers

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19
Q

Laminar mixing involves the use of…

A

Helical ribbon and anchor mixer

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20
Q

Liquid mixing is performed with mixing element called

A

Rotational device

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21
Q

The mixing element of liquid mixer must…

A

Produce necessary shear force and be in a suitable shape to act as an impeller to produce an appropriate pattern in the mixing vehicle

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22
Q

Complete flow pattern depends on variations of

A

3 components in different parts of the vessel

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23
Q

The 3 velocity components and flow pattern during mixing are

A

Radial flow/ vertical
Axial flow/ longitudinal
Tangential flow/ circular

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24
Q

A satisfactory flow pattern depends on

A

The balance of the flow pattern

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25
Q

Flow pattern is influenced by

A

The form of impeller
The position of impeller

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26
Q

3 primary laws that governs flow characteristics are

A

Conservation of mass
Conservation of energy
Classic law of motion

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27
Q

A mass of fluid with whirling or circular motion that tends to form a cavity/ vacuum in the center of the circle is known as

A

Vortex formation

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28
Q

What is a strong circulatory flow pattern manifest into the forming of vortex near the impeller shaft

A

Vortex formation

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29
Q

Vortex is formed by placing shaft …in the tank

A

Symmetrical

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30
Q

Blades in the turbine are arranged…to the center shaft to produce a vortex

A

Perpendicularly

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31
Q

1.It reduces mixing intensity by reducing the impeller velocity
2.Air bubbles in the fluid creates an uneven loading of the impeller blade
3.It causes oxidation
Is a disadvantage of …

A

Vortex formation

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32
Q

Baffled container is used to prevent

A

Vortex formation

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33
Q

Vortex formation can be prevented by

A

Placing in an off central, inclined and side entering
Using baffle container
Using tank other than cylinderical tank

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34
Q

Baffle container introduced to prevent vortex formation converts tangential( circular )flow into…

A

Axial (vertical)flow

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35
Q

Axial flow or… tangential flow or …radial flow or…

A

Longitudinal
Circular
Vertical

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36
Q

Inadequate longitudinal components causes liquid and solid to…

A

Rotate in layers without mixing

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37
Q

Baffle uses… flow system? Laminar/ turbulent/transitional

A

Turbulent flow system

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38
Q

Turbulent flow system can also be referred to as…
High viscous fluid or low viscous fluid

A

Low viscous fluid

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39
Q

Does laminar flow use baffle and why

A

Laminar flow system does not use baffle because it is a high viscous fluid

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40
Q

Liquid mixing can be divided into two which are

A

Mixing of liquid and liquid
Mixing of liquid and solid

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41
Q

Which type of liquid mixing involves mixing of two miscible and two immiscible liquids

A

Liquid and liquid mixing

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42
Q

Mixing of liquid and solid involves

A

Mixing of liquid and insoluble solids
Mixing of liquid and soluble solid

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43
Q

Mixing of two miscible liquids is an

A

Homogeneous mixture

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44
Q

Homogeneous or miscible mixture can occur only by simple diffusion which involves stirring and shaking T/F so it can be classified under what type of mixing

A

True
Positive mixing

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45
Q

During homogeneous mixture which type of flow system can be created

A

Turbulent flow system

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46
Q

…is the function of velocity gradient between two adjacent layers of a liquid

A

Turbulence

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47
Q

Vortex can occur due to …kind of flow system

A

Turbulent flow system

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48
Q

Mixture of two immiscible liquids is also known as …

A

Heterogeneous mixture

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49
Q

Emulsion is an example of…type of liquid mixture

A

Immiscible liquids/ heterogeneous mixtures

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50
Q

Ointment, powder,paste are example of…type of mixture

A

Positive mixture

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51
Q

When …liquid is mixed in the presence of an emulsifying agent…is produced

A

Immiscible liquids
Emulsion

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52
Q

Mixing is efficient(continuous )for the production of … emulsion
Stable/unstable or neutral emulsion

A

Stable

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53
Q

…is used for the blending of immiscible liquids

A

Turbine impeller

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54
Q

…creates a large enhancement in interfacial area thereby increasing the rate of mass transfer and rxn in blending of immiscible liquids

A

Turbine impeller

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55
Q

The type of turbine impeller needed for coarse dispersion is

A

Low shear hydrofoil design impellers

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56
Q

The type of impeller needed for effective fine emulsion is

A

Axial / radial flow impellers

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57
Q

The turbine impeller required for the production of stable emulsion is

A

High shear impeller

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58
Q

On a small scale … is used for the preparation of emulsion

A

Mortar and pestle

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59
Q

Two stages of emulsion are

A

Primary and secondary emulsion

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60
Q

Which stage of emulsion involves the trituration of two immiscible liquids with an emulsifying agent

A

Primary stage

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61
Q

The dilution of the triturated immiscible liquids by the addition of more vehicle is …stage of emulsion

A

Secondary stage

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62
Q

To produce a homogeneous emulsion, a coarse emulsion is passed through a…

A

Homogenizer

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63
Q

The mixture of liquid and soluble solids can be obtained by…

A

Stirring

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64
Q

Mixing of liquid and soluble solids is a …change . Physical/chemical

A

Physical

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65
Q

Suspension is a …

A

Heterogeneous mixture

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66
Q

Heterogeneous mixture are unstable T/F

A

T

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67
Q

The ingredients of …type of mixture separate when allowed to stand

A

Heterogeneous mixture/Suspension/negative mixture

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68
Q

A suspension agent is required in mixing of liquid and immiscible solid to produce…stable/ unstable suspension

A

Stable suspension

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69
Q

On a small scale suspension can be produced using…

A

Mortar and pestle

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70
Q

The mixture of two immiscible liquids yields…,the mixture of liquid and insoluble solids yields…,the mixture of liquid and soluble solid gives a …

A

Emulsion
Suspension
Solution

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71
Q

The mixture of two miscible liquids yields a …

A

Solution

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72
Q

The type of impeller for suspension is

A

Axial flow impellers

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73
Q

Physical distribution and dispersion of gas in liquid is type…of liquid and gas mixing

A

Type 1

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74
Q

Application of type 1 liquid and gas mixing is limited to

A

Foam and froth derivation

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75
Q

Liquid gas mixing type 2 involves

A

Mass transfer process eg. Absorption,stripping,chlorination and oxidation

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76
Q

…type of impeller is preferred in liquid gas mixing

A

Radial flow impeller

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77
Q

The most suitable type of impeller for liquid gas mixing is

A

Disk turbine impellers

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78
Q

Special type of mixing eg hydrogen gas is expensive, hazardous and critical. T/ F

A

T

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79
Q

List 3 factors liquid mixing are

A

Material related factor
Equipment related factor
Process related factor

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80
Q

Three type of liquid mixing are

A

Liquid liquid mixing
Liquid solid mixing
Liquid gas mixing

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81
Q

Physical properties eg. Density, viscosity, miscibility can be seen under ,..type of factor affecting liquid mixing

A

Material related factor

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82
Q

Shape of impeller, position of impeller,cost and maintenance,presence or absence of baffle,shape and size of container is under which factor that affects liquid mixing

A

Equipment related factor

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83
Q

Speed of rotation,time required for mixing,amt of power or energy,ease of operation and batch size is under which factor affecting liquid mixing

A

Process related factor

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84
Q

4 liquid mixing mechanism are

A

Bulk transport
Turbulent flow
Laminar flow and
Molecular diffusion

85
Q

Which type of blade are used in bulk transport

A

Rotating blade
Paddle

86
Q

Turbulent mixing is characterized by

A

Random fluctuation

87
Q

Highly viscous fluid is encountered in … mixing

A

Laminar

88
Q

Another name for solid solid mixing is

A

Powder mixing

89
Q

Solid solid mixing is a …type of mixture

A

Neutral mixture

90
Q

Solids are divided into

A

1.cohesive material
2.noncohensive material

91
Q

Another name for noncohesive material is

A

Flowable material

92
Q

Cohesive material are characterized by its

A

Resistance to flow through an opening

93
Q

… type of solid solid mixing is difficult due to formation of lump and aggregate

A

Cohesive eg. Wet kaolin

94
Q

Grain,plastic chip,sand is an example of

A

Solid solid mixing (noncohesive)

95
Q

4 mechanism for solid solid mixing

A

Shear mixing
Convection mixing
Diffusive mixing and
Combined mechanism

96
Q

Connective mixing is also known as

A

Macro mixing

97
Q

Combined mechanism is also known as

A

Diffusive mixing

98
Q

Diffusive mixing is known as ….

A

Micromixing

99
Q

The sliding of particles in plane over each other is

A

Shear mixing

100
Q

Shear mixing is created within the mass of material by using…

A

Agitator arm or a blast of air

101
Q

The mixing that produces small scale uniformity on local basis is

A

Shear mixing eg. Intensifiers, speed chopper blades

102
Q

Factors that influences solid mixing include

A

Nature of material
Particle size
Material density and
Amount of material to be mixed

103
Q

The mixing of insoluble powder and liquid is

A

Semi-solids

104
Q

Solids can be suspended in liquid by the use of the …in cylinderical container

A

Flat bladed turbine

105
Q

The mechanism in mixing semi solids depends on the …which show variation

A

Character of the material

106
Q

5 theories of mixing of semi solid are

A

Pellet and powder state
Pellet state
Plastic state
Sticky state
Liquid and fluid state

107
Q

Which state is obtain when making a pill mass

A

Plastic state

108
Q

Which state is aimed at moisturizing powder for tablet granulation

A

Pellet state

109
Q

In which state of semi solid is homogenization low

A

Pellet and powder state
Pellet state
Sticky state

110
Q

In which state is homogenization rapidly achieved

A

Plastic state

111
Q

Emulsion can be reduced by the use of… suspending agent

A

Thioxotropic

112
Q

…are natural mixture with no tendency to segregate although sedimentation may occur with suspension in fluid media and emulsion may separate

A

Semi solid

113
Q

Emulsion may be evaluated by

A

Globular count/ globule rise distribution

114
Q

The addition of liquid to bulk of dry powder causes solid to ball up and form…

A

Small pellet

115
Q

The cushioning effect of pellet embedded in a matrix of dry powder makes the pellet difficult to break up T/F

A

T

116
Q

The conversion of more dry powder to pellets until all material is in the state is in my hich state…

A

Pellet state

117
Q

Which state in semi solid mixing is characterized with coarse granular appearance and there’s no coherence and agitation that will cause the pellet to break into small granules

A

Pellet state

118
Q

In which state is the granular appearance lost and there’s an adherence of aggregate material

A

Plastic state

119
Q

In which state is the semi solid appearance is paste like and the surface is shiny

A

Sticky state

120
Q

The addition of water that results in the decrease of consistency until the mixture flows under its own weight and drains off vertically the surface is which state of semi solid

A

Liquid state

121
Q

1.Production of complete blend to avoid product damage
2.dust-tight
3.low maintenance and power consumption
Are characteristics of..

A

Ideal mixer

122
Q

Mixing device based on shape and pitch is

A

Propeller
Turbine
Paddle

123
Q

Propeller, turbine and paddle is known as

A

Impeller

124
Q

Axial flow impellers makes an angle less than 90° T/F

A

True

125
Q

Axial flow is …to impeller shaft

A

Parallel

126
Q

Axial flow is commonly used for…type of flow

A

Turbulent and transitional flow

127
Q

In axial flow impellers, impellers are mounted at the …of the baffled vessel.

A

Center

128
Q

Radial flow is…to the axis of impeller

A

Parallel

129
Q

Radial flow is used for… mixing application

A

Single and multi-phase mixing

130
Q

Radial flow impellers is effective for… mixing

A

Gas liquid mixing and liquid liquid mixing

131
Q

Commonly used radial flow impellers are

A

Rushton turbine
Bar turbine
Open blade turbine

132
Q

Radial flow impellers are produced by

A

Flat blade turbine

133
Q

Propeller mixer consist of how many blade design

A

Three

134
Q

Propeller mixer is commonly used for liquids with… movement

A

Longitudinal movement

135
Q

Propeller mixer rotates at …speed at …rpm

A

High
8000rpm

136
Q

The widely used form of mixer for liquid of low viscous is

A

Propeller mixer

137
Q

…mixer cannot be used for high shear

A

Propeller mixer

138
Q

Propeller mixer is ineffective with viscosity greater than…Ns/m3

A

5Ns/m3

139
Q

The type of mixer that consist of circular disk is …

A

Turbine mixer

140
Q

Straight/curved blades are found in … mixer

A

Turbine mixer

141
Q

Turbine mixer rotates at… speed of…rpm

A

Low
50-200rpm

142
Q

Flat blade turbine produces …type of flow

A

Radial and tangential flow

143
Q

Pitched blade turbine produces…flow

A

Axial flow

144
Q

Great shearing force
Effective for high viscous solution of 9ns/m3
Suitable for emulsification
Is an advantages of…mixer

A

Turbine mixer

145
Q

…mixer consists of a central hub with long flat blades attached vertically

A

Paddle mixer

146
Q

Paddle mixer are…in shape and have… surface area

A

Pitched ,dished , hemispherical
Large

147
Q

They rotate at … speed of…rpm

A

Low
100 rpm

148
Q

An alternate design for viscous range of liquid is …

A

Planetary motion mixer

149
Q

Vortex formation is not possible with…type of mixer

A

Paddle impeller

150
Q

Advantage of paddle mixer is

A

Low speed mixing that produces no vortex formation

151
Q

Disadvantages of paddle mixer is

A

It’s suspension mixing is poor and baffle tanks are required

152
Q

…mixer have limited use in industry

A

Shaker mixer

153
Q

Application of intense vibration causes emulsification in

A

Sonic and ultra sonic mixer

154
Q

The break of liquid into globule by ultrasonic mixer is known as

A

Cavitation method

155
Q

Sonic mixer uses a large scale emulsification called…for mixing of immiscible liquid

A

Rapisonic homogenizer

156
Q

…type of mixer can be used for batch process

A

Sonic mixer

157
Q

…mixer is suitable for thermolabile substances and useful for low viscous fluid

A

Ultrasonic/sonic mixer

158
Q

…mixer produces intense shearing force and turbulence by the use of high speed rotors

A

Siverson mixer

159
Q

Siverson mixer makes use of …for the breakdown of dispersed liquid into small globule

A

Circulation

160
Q

…mixer is used for the preparation of emulsion and cream of fine particle size

A

Siverson mixer

161
Q

Siverson mixer uses… operation

A

Batch and continuous operation

162
Q

Clogging of mesh pore is a disadvantage of… mixer

A

Siverson mixer

163
Q

Three mixers for semi solids are

A
  1. Beater and kneader
  2. Mixer extruder
  3. Shear mixer
164
Q

Another name for shear mixer is…

A

Mixing roll

165
Q

Examples of beater and kneader is …

A

Sigma and planetary mixer

166
Q

Another name for beater and kneader is

A

Agitator mixer

167
Q

Examples of mixer extruder is

A

Roto feed mixer

168
Q

Examples of mixing roll is

A

Colloidal and triple roller mill

169
Q

Advantage of beater and kneader mixer is

A

The shape and it’s movement is cleared from all sides and it avoids dead spot

170
Q

Disadvantages of sigma is

A

The entertainment of air

171
Q

…type of mixer is used for wet granulation processing tablets, and ointments

A

Beater

172
Q

…type of mixing reduces viscosity by heating and heat dissipation

A

Beater mixer

173
Q

It operates at fixed speed is a disadvantage of which mixer…

A

Beater

174
Q

…type of semi solid mixer uses shear mechanism

A

Planetary mixer

175
Q

Planetary mixer uses basic operation of mixing and blending to produce… shear granules

A

Low

176
Q

Planetary mixer work in fixed speed
T/F

A

False
It works at varying speed

177
Q

…type of mixer is the most useful in wet granulation

A

Planetary mixer

178
Q

Planetary mixer is limited to only .

A

Batch work

179
Q

Mixer extruder depends on

A

Cutting
Folding of material

180
Q

Mixing of materials that are difficult to mix eg. Clays and thermoplastic is an advantage of…type of semisolid mixer

A

Mixer extruder

181
Q

Two types of shear mixer is

A

Colloidal mill and
Triple roller

182
Q

The type of shear mixer that breakdown agglomerate of emulsion to produce droplets is…

A

Colloidal mill

183
Q

What’s the advantages of colloidal mill

A

Fine particle distribution through optimal shear force
High capacity with minimal space requirements

184
Q

Unlimited application due to high flexible homogenization system is a characteristic of…

A

Colloidal mill

185
Q

Triple roller mill is composed of

A

Hard abrasion-resistant material

186
Q

Triple roller mill produces …

A

Uniform dispersion

187
Q

Triple roller mill is suitable for continuous processes . T/F

A

T

188
Q

Four conditions required for powder mixing is

A

Mixing volume
Mixing mechanism
Mixing time
Handling mixed powder

189
Q

Classifications of equipments for solid mixing is based on

A

Flow properties
Mixing scale

190
Q

Classifications based on flow properties is

A

Free-flow solids (v-cone blender, double conc.n vertical screw mixer)

Cohesive solid (sigma & planetary mixer)

191
Q

Classifications of solid mixing based on mixing scale is

A

Batch type(small scale)
Continuous type (large scale)

192
Q

Examples of batch type is

A

Mortar and pestle, V.cone blade, double conc mixer, ribbon blender, sigma mixer, planetary paddle, fluidized mixer

193
Q

Examples of continuous type is

A

Barrel type
Zig-zag type

194
Q

The most common used mixers

A

Agitator mixer
Tumbling mixer

195
Q

…is a prerequisites for manufacturing all solid dosage forms which involves powder mixing and is used in uniformity of content

A

Optimum mixing

196
Q

Tumbler mixer, agitator mixer, double conc. mixer, v-blender,silo mixer, gravity silo mixer, mechanical silo mixer,flow mixer ,twin shaft paddle, pneumatic mixer is a type …mixer

A

Solid -solid mixers

197
Q

Buffer is used for both wet and dry mixing in solid solid mixer. T/F

A

True

198
Q

All the contact part is made up of….

A

Stainless steel

199
Q

Mixing occur due to… tumbling motion

A

Tumbling motion

200
Q

Double conc.mixer is efficient for mixing…n ..

A

Dry powder and granulated homogeneous

201
Q

Double conc mixer is used for small amount of powder of different densities.T/F

A

True

202
Q

Twin she’ll blender or v cone blender is ..shape that uses …

A

Stainless steel
Transparent plastic

203
Q

V-blender is used for

A

Dry mixing

204
Q

The process when a system contains particle with different size and densities that preferentially or accumulate into one area over another is …

A

Segregation and de-mixing

205
Q

Segregation can be prevented by

A

Minimizing physical difference
Increasing cohesiveness of formulation
Optimizing blending conditions

206
Q

Mechanism for segregation are

A

Sifting segregation
Fluidization segregation
Air current
Angle of repose
Chute trajectory

207
Q

For mixing powders with small qty of liquid where the constituent is cohesive/sticky the material agglomerate into balls. Which type of mixer will be suitable for such mixer

A

Agitation mixer

208
Q

The type of mixer required for the agglomeration of desired food and pharmaceutical is

A

Tumbling mixer

209
Q

Choosing right equipment discourages cross contamination,dust formation and aggregation. T)F

A

True

PTI 213 (5 decks)

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