EXTRACTION

Question 1

Extraction of soluble constitute from a solid is

Answer 1

Leeching

Question 2

Stages of drug extraction are

Answer 2

Size reduction
Penetration of solvent
Solution of soluble matter
Diffusion
Separation
Drug exhaust

Question 3

A drug in dry state is porous due to…

Answer 3

Shrinkage

Question 4

…is displaced when solvent enters into the pore and penetrate into the cell

Answer 4

Air

Question 5

Cellulose molecule in form of ultramicroscopic,spirally- shaped fibrils running parallel to the cell axis is known as

Answer 5

Micellae

Question 6

Micellae in fresh material is surrounded by…

Answer 6

Film of water

Question 7

When a plant is dried , micellae form…

Answer 7

Continuous membrane

Question 8

Most shrinkage occurs laterally. T/F

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Wood shrinkage in drying timber occurs mostly in … direction

Answer 9

8% tangentially
5% radially
0.2% longitudinally

Question 10

Swelling occurs due to

Answer 10

Distention and osmosis

Question 11

Solution rate is increased by…

Answer 11

Increase in temperature

Question 12

The rate of diffusion depends on

Answer 12

Presence of conc. gradient
Thickness of boundary layer
Diffusion coefficient of the solute

Question 13

Ethanol does not dissolve…

Answer 13

Albuminous matter

Question 14

…. doesn’t dissolve gum,waxes, fat,oil n sucrose

Answer 14

Ethanol

Question 15

The main disadvantage of ethanol as solvent is

Answer 15

Cost

Question 16

Final selection of solvent is based on the knowledge of…

Answer 16

Pharmacognosy

Question 17

The two main types of extraction methods are

Answer 17

Maceration
Percolation

Question 18

The type of method of extraction that depends on the flow of solvent through powdered drug to yield great pdt is

Answer 18

Percolation

Question 19

…method of extraction is based on the immersion of drug in a bulk of solvent with modification to multiple stage extraction to increase yield

Answer 19

Maceration

Question 20

The rate of soln. is increased by

Answer 20

Temperature

Question 21

Standard percolation is modified to include…

Answer 21

Evaporation

Question 22

For efficient maceration process, solvents are arranged in …

Answer 22

Circulation extraction

Question 23

…of circulatory extraction minimizes local conc. which leads to efficient extraction in a short time

Answer 23

Uniform distribution

Question 24

The problem of mass transfer ceasing in circulation extraction when equilibrium is set up is overcomed by …

Answer 24

Multi-stage process

Question 25

Movement of solvent in circulation extraction reduces

Answer 25

Boundary layer

Question 26

Equipment required for multi-stage extraction

Answer 26

Vessel Circulatory pump Tanks Spray distributor

Question 27

Container in receiver one receives the..

Answer 27

Strongest

Question 28

The weakest soln is received in..

Answer 28

Receiver three

Question 29

.... extraction device are used where large amount of single material are handled Continuous/semi-continous

Answer 29

Continuous

Question 30

... extraction are used in pharmaceutical industry for greater flexibility

Answer 30

Semi continuous

Question 31

The equipment that uses a series of vessels for extraction is ...

Answer 31

Extraction battery

Question 32

The simplest arrangements of extraction battery uses how many vessels

Answer 32

Three

Question 33

Extraction battery requires the use of ... solvent Minimum/maximal and why?

Answer 33

It uses minimal solvent so that it's concentration during evaporation doesn't time long time

Question 34

Solvent or solvent mixture in extraction is known as

Answer 34

Menstruum

Question 35

...is a pdt of extraction that doesn't contain single constituent based on drug type and conditions of extraction

Answer 35

Extractive

Question 36

...is prepared by the use of change of physico-chemical nature of the solvent

Answer 36

Opium tincture

Question 37

...means to soak

Answer 37

Maceration

Question 38

Percolation means to...

Answer 38

Strain through

Question 39

Another name for percolation is

Answer 39

Exhaustive extraction

Question 40

Collected extractive of percolation is

Answer 40

Percolate

Question 41

A special extraction apparatus is ...

Answer 41

Percolator

Question 42

The process in which drug is extracted of it's soluble constituents by slow passage of suitable solvent through drug column is

Answer 42

Percolation

Question 43

The process in which drug is soak in menstruum until cellular structure is softened and soluble constituents is dissolved is

Answer 43

Maceration

Question 44

Most drug extraction are performed by... maceration/ percolation

Answer 44

Percolation