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PTI 213 > EXTRACTION > Flashcards

EXTRACTION Flashcards

1
Q

Extraction of soluble constitute from a solid is

A

Leeching

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2
Q

Stages of drug extraction are

A

Size reduction
Penetration of solvent
Solution of soluble matter
Diffusion
Separation
Drug exhaust

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3
Q

A drug in dry state is porous due to…

A

Shrinkage

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4
Q

…is displaced when solvent enters into the pore and penetrate into the cell

A

Air

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5
Q

Cellulose molecule in form of ultramicroscopic,spirally- shaped fibrils running parallel to the cell axis is known as

A

Micellae

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6
Q

Micellae in fresh material is surrounded by…

A

Film of water

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7
Q

When a plant is dried , micellae form…

A

Continuous membrane

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8
Q

Most shrinkage occurs laterally. T/F

A

True

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9
Q

Wood shrinkage in drying timber occurs mostly in … direction

A

8% tangentially
5% radially
0.2% longitudinally

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10
Q

Swelling occurs due to

A

Distention and osmosis

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11
Q

Solution rate is increased by…

A

Increase in temperature

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12
Q

The rate of diffusion depends on

A

Presence of conc. gradient
Thickness of boundary layer
Diffusion coefficient of the solute

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13
Q

Ethanol does not dissolve…

A

Albuminous matter

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14
Q

…. doesn’t dissolve gum,waxes, fat,oil n sucrose

A

Ethanol

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15
Q

The main disadvantage of ethanol as solvent is

A

Cost

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16
Q

Final selection of solvent is based on the knowledge of…

A

Pharmacognosy

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17
Q

The two main types of extraction methods are

A

Maceration
Percolation

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18
Q

The type of method of extraction that depends on the flow of solvent through powdered drug to yield great pdt is

A

Percolation

19
Q

…method of extraction is based on the immersion of drug in a bulk of solvent with modification to multiple stage extraction to increase yield

A

Maceration

20
Q

The rate of soln. is increased by

A

Temperature

21
Q

Standard percolation is modified to include…

A

Evaporation

22
Q

For efficient maceration process, solvents are arranged in …

A

Circulation extraction

23
Q

…of circulatory extraction minimizes local conc. which leads to efficient extraction in a short time

A

Uniform distribution

24
Q

The problem of mass transfer ceasing in circulation extraction when equilibrium is set up is overcomed by …

A

Multi-stage process

25
Q

Movement of solvent in circulation extraction reduces

A

Boundary layer

26
Q

Equipment required for multi-stage extraction

A

Vessel
Circulatory pump
Tanks
Spray distributor

27
Q

Container in receiver one receives the..

A

Strongest

28
Q

The weakest soln is received in..

A

Receiver three

29
Q

…. extraction device are used where large amount of single material are handled
Continuous/semi-continous

A

Continuous

30
Q

… extraction are used in pharmaceutical industry for greater flexibility

A

Semi continuous

31
Q

The equipment that uses a series of vessels for extraction is …

A

Extraction battery

32
Q

The simplest arrangements of extraction battery uses how many vessels

A

Three

33
Q

Extraction battery requires the use of … solvent
Minimum/maximal and why?

A

It uses minimal solvent so that it’s concentration during evaporation doesn’t time long time

34
Q

Solvent or solvent mixture in extraction is known as

A

Menstruum

35
Q

…is a pdt of extraction that doesn’t contain single constituent based on drug type and conditions of extraction

A

Extractive

36
Q

…is prepared by the use of change of physico-chemical nature of the solvent

A

Opium tincture

37
Q

…means to soak

A

Maceration

38
Q

Percolation means to…

A

Strain through

39
Q

Another name for percolation is

A

Exhaustive extraction

40
Q

Collected extractive of percolation is

A

Percolate

41
Q

A special extraction apparatus is …

A

Percolator

42
Q

The process in which drug is extracted of it’s soluble constituents by slow passage of suitable solvent through drug column is

A

Percolation

43
Q

The process in which drug is soak in menstruum until cellular structure is softened and soluble constituents is dissolved is

A

Maceration

44
Q

Most drug extraction are performed by… maceration/ percolation

A

Percolation

PTI 213 (5 decks)

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