| MIXED |

Question 1

Describe the exact composition and arrangement of the nucleosome

Answer 1

its core particles contain two copies of each histone (H2, 3, 4 and Ha and Hb) and it is 146 bp of super helical DNA wrapped around a histone octomer

Question 2

Oblong in shape but over time can rapidly change its shape and is small, this defines a chloroplast DNA or a mitochondrial DNA

Answer 2

mitochondrial DNA

Question 3

modification of histone tails via acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and phosphorylation, all examples of gene regulation is defined as

Answer 3

Chromatin Remodeling

Question 4

Ribosomes begin translation at the first

Answer 4

start codon, AUG

Question 5

the number of individuals that show at least some degree of expression of a mutated genotype, termed

Answer 5

penetrance

Question 6

DNA entwined around an octet of proteins is called

Answer 6

nucleosome

Question 7

the discipline with in evolutionary biologists that study change in allele frequencies is called this

Answer 7

population genetics

Question 8

term that describes random fluctuation in allele frequenies

Answer 8

genetic drift

Question 9

when a population originates from a smaller number of individuals

Answer 9

founder effect

Question 10

The chi square test involves a statistical comparison between measure (observed) and predicted (expected) values. Degrees of freedom is defined as

Answer 10

one less than the number of categories being compared

Question 11

indicates that the environment has a great influence…

narrow sense score of zero or broad sense score of zero

Answer 11

broad sense score of zero!!

0

Question 12

expression of genes on one homolog, but not the other, is effected is referred to as

Answer 12

imprinting

-ie epigenetics

Question 13

Ribosomal binding sites, | E | P | A |

Translocation happens during…

Answer 13

| P | - peptide bond syn and holds the aatRNA carying the next AA to be added to the chain

| A | - codon recognition of new entry

added post are the 5-cap and 3-pony tail

E | - exit, translocation or ribosome moving tRNA from P to E site

Question 14

How does methylation regulate gene activity…

Answer 14

by ALTERING TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY by interfering with RNA polymerase during binding

Question 15

A protein causes the acetylation of histones what effect do you think this will have on a gene in that region…

Answer 15

an increase in expression

Question 16

Type of RNA that introduces no mutations into the organism. it targets mRNA and degrades it….

Answer 16

RNAi (interfering)

Question 17

They are necessary for basal low level transcription….

Answer 17

They are necessary for basal low level transcription…. Promoter regions

while ENHANCERS are necessary for achiving max lvl transcription

Question 18

mRNA into exons, to product, describes..

Answer 18

alternative splicing

Question 19

T or F

represors are cis acting?

Answer 19

F

Question 20

a mutation in only one lacoperon gene will directly effect the….

Answer 20

repressor (I); the control unit

Question 21

prokaryotic gene expression..

something in the environment induces expression

a. inducible enzymes
b. constitutive enzymes
c. represible expression

Answer 21

something in the environment induces expression…inducible enzymes

• constitutive enzymes - produced continuously regardless of the environment “house cells”
• represible expression - when expression is stopped, nothing gets made, can be +(only occurs when a regulator molecule directly stimulates RNA production) /-(will occur unless turned off by a regulator molecule)